Nokea
Amniotic fluid index of 18 cm in the 3rd trimester is interpreted as:
- A. Hydrops fetalis
- B. Normal amniotic fluid volume
- C. Reduced amniotic fluid volume
- D. Increased amniotic fluid volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Normal amniotic fluid volume. An amniotic fluid index of 18 cm in the 3rd trimester is considered within the normal range (5-25 cm). This level indicates adequate amniotic fluid for fetal development and is not indicative of hydrops fetalis (A), reduced amniotic fluid volume (C), or increased amniotic fluid volume (D). It is crucial to monitor amniotic fluid levels as deviations from the normal range can impact fetal well-being.
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The nurse is describing the size and shape of the nonpregnant uterus to a patient. Which is an accurate description?
- A. C M U S N T O
- B. The nonpregnant uterus is the size and shape of a pear.
- C. The nonpregnant uterus is the size and shape of a cantaloup
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but it seems like there may be an error in the question provided. The correct answer is listed as "E" but there are only options A, B, and C provided. Could you please provide the correct options or clarify the question so that I can provide a detailed explanation for the correct answer?
For both males and females, which is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty?
- A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- B. Estrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty. It acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of FSH and LH, which then stimulate the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. FSH and LH regulate the maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. Estrogen and testosterone are produced in response to FSH and LH, so they are not the first hormones secreted to initiate puberty. Thus, GnRH is the primary hormone that kickstarts the puberty process by signaling the release of FSH and LH.
It is not uncommon for at least some fibers of the levator ani to become stretched or damaged in women who have experienced vaginal delivery of a full-term infant. What are the possible results of this damage?
- A. Urinary or fecal incontinence, dysmenorrhea, or salpingitis
- B. Prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, rectal prolapse through the anus, or hydrosalpinx
- C. Prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, rectal prolapse through the anus, or salpingitis
- D. Urinary or fecal incontinence, prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, or rectal prolapse through the anus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Damage to the levator ani can result in urinary or fecal incontinence, prolapse of the uterus, or rectal prolapse.
Which of the following structures is not in the urogenital triangle of the perineum?
- A. Anus
- B. Labia
- C. Vaginal orifice
- D. Urinary opening
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The anus is not located in the urogenital triangle of the perineum.
While performing a self-breast exam, the patient notes an area on the right breast that is nodular, with some associated tenderness. This is a new onset finding because the exams were
- A. The patient calls to report her findings to the clinical nurse because this is not her typical result. What action should the nurse perform next?
- B. Refer the patient to an oncologist because the results are suspicious.
- C. Ask the patient to come in for an office visit so that the findings can be validated but tell her that this information is within the normal range of presentation.
- D. Have the patient wear a tight-fitting bra and tell her that the tenderness is associated with ovulation and will pass.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a new nodular area with tenderness in the breast is concerning for a potential breast abnormality or pathology. The nurse should advise the patient to report these findings promptly to a healthcare provider for further evaluation, which may include a clinical breast exam, imaging studies, and possibly a biopsy if warranted.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because B jumps to a conclusion without proper assessment or evaluation, C downplays the significance of the findings without proper validation, and D provides inaccurate information about the association of tenderness with ovulation, which is not relevant in this context.