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The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening.
- A. Posterior
- B. Anterior
- C. Medial
- D. Lateral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The urethral orifice is anterior to the vaginal opening.
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If a woman's pregnancy classification is G4, T2, P1, A1, L3, the number of total pregnancies is
- A. 3
- B. 4
- C. 6
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: G4 indicates four total pregnancies, regardless of outcome.
A young female patient comes to the health unit at school to discuss her irregular periods. In providing education regardinNg thRe feImalGe reBpr.odCuctMive cycle, the nurse describes the regular U S N T O and recurrent changes related to the ovaries and the uterine endometrium. Although this is generally referred to as the menstrual cycle, the ovarian cycle includes which phases? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Follicular
- B. Ovulatory
- C. Luteal
- D. Proliferative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Follicular phase. The ovarian cycle consists of two main phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. During the follicular phase, the ovarian follicles mature in preparation for ovulation. This phase is characterized by rising levels of estrogen. The luteal phase follows ovulation and is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum and increased progesterone levels to support a potential pregnancy. The ovulatory phase is not a distinct phase of the ovarian cycle but rather the event of ovulation itself. Proliferative phase is a term used to describe changes in the uterine endometrium, not the ovarian cycle. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it accurately reflects the phases of the ovarian cycle.
Which hormonal effect is noted during the menstrual cycle?
- A. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion rise
- C. A negative feedback mechanism is exhibited by the anterior pituitary gland and ovaries.
- D. The posterior pituitary gland secretes LH.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH secretion rise to stimulate ovarian follicle development and trigger ovulation. This process is crucial for maintaining the menstrual cycle. Choice B is incorrect as it is incomplete. Choice C is incorrect as negative feedback is primarily between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries, not just the anterior pituitary gland and ovaries. Choice D is incorrect because LH is primarily secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the posterior pituitary gland.
The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the:
- A. Corpus hemorrhagicum
- B. Corpus luteum
- C. Corpus albicans
- D. Mature follicle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The corpus albicans represents the final stage after the corpus luteum degenerates.
Cilia is abundant in the:
- A. Urinary tract
- B. Intestinal tract
- C. Fallopian tube
- D. Male reproductive ducts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fallopian tube. Cilia are hair-like structures that line the fallopian tube to help move the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This movement is crucial for fertilization to occur. The other choices, A, B, and D, are incorrect because cilia are not typically abundant in the urinary tract, intestinal tract, or male reproductive ducts, respectively. These regions do not require the same kind of movement facilitated by cilia in the fallopian tube.