Nokea
At puberty, the reproductive hormones stimulate the organs of the reproductive tract. Which statement best describes what happens to the ovaries at this time?
- A. The ovaries become functional and produce mature ova one at a time.
- B. The mature follicles will stop developing, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels required to initiate ovulation do not occur.
- C. Supraovulation will occur to increase chances of pregnancy.
- D. The ovaries begin a process of involution that results in a decrease in size and position deep in the pelvis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At puberty, the ovaries become functional and produce mature ova.
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Amniotic fluid index of 18 cm in the 3rd trimester is interpreted as:
- A. Hydrops fetalis
- B. Normal amniotic fluid volume
- C. Reduced amniotic fluid volume
- D. Increased amniotic fluid volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Normal amniotic fluid volume. An amniotic fluid index of 18 cm in the 3rd trimester is considered within the normal range (5-25 cm). This level indicates adequate amniotic fluid for fetal development and is not indicative of hydrops fetalis (A), reduced amniotic fluid volume (C), or increased amniotic fluid volume (D). It is crucial to monitor amniotic fluid levels as deviations from the normal range can impact fetal well-being.
If shoulder dystocia occurred during delivery, the newborn should be examined for
- A. fractured clavicle and Erb's palsy
- B. skull fracture and cerebral palsy
- C. spinal cord injury and paralysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Shoulder dystocia can result in brachial plexus injuries and clavicular fractures.
For both males and females, which is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty?
- A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- B. Estrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is the first hormone secreted to initiate puberty. It acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of FSH and LH, which then stimulate the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. FSH and LH regulate the maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. Estrogen and testosterone are produced in response to FSH and LH, so they are not the first hormones secreted to initiate puberty. Thus, GnRH is the primary hormone that kickstarts the puberty process by signaling the release of FSH and LH.
A few weeks after delivery, if a woman complains that she cannot sleep, has little appetite and has begun having anxiety attacks and fears that she cannot take adequate care of her neonate, the most likely cause is
- A. postpartum depression
- B. postpartum blues
- C. postpartum psychosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postpartum depression involves persistent mood disturbances and functional impairment.
The nutritional supplement given to women to prevent neural tube defects is
- A. folic acid
- B. magnesium
- C. iron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects when taken preconceptionally and during early pregnancy.