Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Quizlet

Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Quizlet Related

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A woman's obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?

  • A. 3-1-1-1-3
  • B. 4-1-2-0-4
  • C. 3-0-3-0-3
  • D. 4-2-1-0-3
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale for Answer B (4-1-2-0-4):
1. Gravidity: Total number of pregnancies - She is pregnant for the 4th time (G=4).
2. Term Births: Number of pregnancies reaching 37 weeks or more - She had 1 term birth (T=1).
3. Preterm Births: Number of pregnancies ending between 20-36 weeks - She had twins born at 34 weeks (P=2).
4. Abortions: Number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks - She has no reported abortions (A=0).
5. Living Children: Number of living children - She has all her children from previous pregnancies living (L=4).

Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect because it indicates 3 term births, which is not accurate.
C: Incorrect as it suggests 3 living children, which is not consistent with the scenario.
D: Incorrect due to incorrect number of preterm births and living

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Physiologic anemia often occurs during pregnancy as a result of:

  • A. inadequate intake of iron.
  • B. dilution of hemoglobin concentration.
  • C. the fetus establishing iron stores.
  • D. decreased production of erythrocytes.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Physiologic anemia during pregnancy occurs due to the expansion of plasma volume, causing a dilution of hemoglobin concentration. Increased blood volume is necessary to support the growing fetus, leading to a relative decrease in hemoglobin levels. Inadequate iron intake (Choice A) can cause iron-deficiency anemia but is not the primary reason for physiologic anemia in pregnancy. The fetus establishing iron stores (Choice C) is unrelated to the maternal anemia. Decreased production of erythrocytes (Choice D) is not the main cause of anemia in pregnancy; rather, it is the dilution effect from increased plasma volume.

The nurse is educating a pregnant client about common discomforts during the third trimester. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?

  • A. Perform pelvic-tilt exercises.
  • B. Eat crackers prior to getting out of bed in the morning.
  • C. Use humidifiers or saline nose drops.
  • D. Wear a supportive bra.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform pelvic-tilt exercises. Pelvic-tilt exercises help alleviate back pain common in the third trimester by strengthening abdominal muscles and reducing strain on the lower back. This is appropriate for addressing discomforts during pregnancy.

B: Eating crackers before getting out of bed helps with morning sickness, not third-trimester discomforts.

C: Using humidifiers or saline nose drops is more related to nasal congestion, not common discomforts in the third trimester.

D: Wearing a supportive bra is important during pregnancy but does not directly address common discomforts in the third trimester.

Which physiologic findings related to gallbladder function may lead to the development of gallstones during pregnancy?

  • A. Decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels compared with nonpregnant women
  • B. Increase in albumin and total protein as a result of hemodilution
  • C. Hypertonicity of gallbladder tissue
  • D. Prolonged emptying time
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prolonged emptying time. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can lead to gallbladder stasis, causing bile to become concentrated and leading to the formation of gallstones. Prolonged emptying time indicates poor gallbladder motility, increasing the risk of gallstone formation.

A: Decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels is not directly related to gallstone formation during pregnancy.
B: Increase in albumin and total protein is a common finding in pregnancy due to hemodilution, but it is not directly linked to gallstone development.
C: Hypertonicity of gallbladder tissue is not a typical physiologic finding related to gallbladder function during pregnancy and is not a known risk factor for gallstone formation.

While providing education to a primiparous patient regarding the normal changes of pregnancy, what is an important information for the nurse to share regarding Braxton Hicks contractions?

  • A. These contractions may indicate preterm labor.
  • B. These are contractions that never cause any discomfort.
  • C. Braxton Hicks contractions only start during the third trimester.
  • D. These occur throughout pregnancy, but you may not feel them until the third trimester.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Braxton Hicks contractions can occur throughout pregnancy but may not be felt until the third trimester. This is important to inform the patient because it helps differentiate them from true labor contractions. Braxton Hicks contractions are usually irregular, mild, and do not lead to cervical changes. Choice A is incorrect because Braxton Hicks contractions are not a definitive sign of preterm labor. Choice B is incorrect as Braxton Hicks contractions can cause discomfort for some women. Choice C is incorrect because Braxton Hicks contractions can start as early as the second trimester.

A nurse is educating a pregnant client about ways to prevent UTIs. Which statement by the client indicates that she understands the information from the nurse?

  • A. I should decrease my fluid intake.
  • B. Drinking Coke will prevent me from getting a UTI.
  • C. I should always empty my bladder right after I have intercourse.
  • D. I should drink orange juice every morning.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I should always empty my bladder right after I have intercourse." This is correct because emptying the bladder after intercourse helps to flush out bacteria and reduce the risk of UTIs. Choice A is incorrect as adequate fluid intake is important to prevent UTIs. Choice B is incorrect as drinking Coke does not prevent UTIs and may even increase the risk due to its sugar content. Choice D is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that drinking orange juice prevents UTIs. Overall, choice C is the best preventative measure supported by medical evidence.

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