Nokea
Which of the following is a substance that the kidneys remove from the blood during filtration?
- A. Carbon Dioxide
- B. Salts
- C. Oxygen
- D. Red Blood Cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Salts. During filtration in the kidneys, salts (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride) are removed from the blood to maintain proper electrolyte balance. Carbon dioxide (A) is primarily eliminated through respiration, not filtration by the kidneys. Oxygen (C) is essential for cellular respiration and is not typically removed by the kidneys. Red blood cells (D) are not filtered out by the kidneys unless there is a medical condition affecting the kidneys' function. Thus, the correct answer is B as salts are one of the key substances removed during kidney filtration to regulate electrolyte levels in the body.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following statement(s) about metronidazole is correct?: *
- A. It is a rst line drug for amoebic dysentery as well as amoebic liver abscess
- B. It is activated nitro intermediates bind DNA and inhibit anaerobe replication
- C. It is the most effective drug in eradicating amoebic cysts from the colon
- D. (
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that requires activation by bacterial reductases to form nitro intermediates.
2. These activated intermediates bind DNA, leading to DNA strand breakage and inhibition of anaerobic bacterial replication.
3. This mechanism of action makes metronidazole effective against anaerobic bacteria.
4. Choice A is incorrect as metronidazole is not the first-line drug for amoebic dysentery or liver abscess - it is mainly used for anaerobic infections.
5. Choice C is incorrect as metronidazole is not the most effective drug for eradicating amoebic cysts in the colon; other drugs like tinidazole are preferred for that purpose.
6. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide any information related to metronidazole's mechanism of action.
Which antibiotics should be avoided in patients of liver disease?:
- A. Tetracycline
- B. Cotrimoxazole
- C. Cephalexin
- D. Ethanbutol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetracycline. Tetracycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Tetracycline is primarily metabolized in the liver and can exacerbate liver damage in patients with pre-existing liver conditions. Cotrimoxazole, Cephalexin, and Ethambutol are generally considered safe for use in patients with liver disease as they are not known to cause significant liver toxicity.
A patient is being treated with furosemide and Digoxin because of CHF. She * developed UTI. Which of the following antibiotics should NOT be prescribed?
- A. Cotrimoxazole
- B. Ciprooxacin
- C. Gentamycin
- D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is not recommended in this case due to its potential for nephrotoxicity, especially in patients already receiving furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can also cause kidney damage, so combining it with Gentamycin increases the risk of further renal impairment. Cotrimoxazole (A) and Ampicillin (D) are commonly used antibiotics that do not have significant interactions with furosemide and Digoxin. Ciprofloxacin (B) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is generally safe to use in patients with CHF and UTI.
Which of the following drug is a radical curative in plasmodium vivax malaria and is used as prophylaxis for malaria at Chloroquine sensitive regions
- A. Quinine
- B. Primaquine
- C. Mefloquine
- D. Chloroquine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primaquine. Primaquine is a radical curative drug for Plasmodium vivax malaria, targeting the liver stage of the parasite to prevent relapse. It is also used as prophylaxis in Chloroquine sensitive regions due to its effectiveness against both the liver and blood stages of the parasite. Quinine (A) is mainly used for treating severe malaria. Mefloquine (C) is used for prophylaxis but not as a radical curative for Plasmodium vivax. Chloroquine (D) is effective against Plasmodium vivax but not as a radical curative.
To minimize chances of renal calculi recurring, it is important for Mr. Reed to
- A. take prophylactic antibiotics on a daily basis
- B. increase fluid intake
- C. take megadoses of vitamin C daily
- D. get adequate rest to reduce stress and enhance resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: increase fluid intake. Adequate hydration helps prevent the formation of kidney stones by diluting the substances in the urine that can lead to stone formation. Increasing fluid intake can also help flush out minerals and toxins from the kidneys.
A: Taking prophylactic antibiotics daily is not recommended for preventing renal calculi as it can lead to antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.
C: Taking megadoses of vitamin C daily can actually increase the risk of kidney stone formation as excess vitamin C can be converted into oxalate, a substance known to contribute to stone formation.
D: While adequate rest and stress reduction are important for overall health, they do not directly prevent the recurrence of renal calculi.