Nokea
Which of the following is a major site of nutrient absorption?
- A. duodenum
- B. jejunum
- C. ileum
- D. colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: jejunum. The jejunum is a major site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine due to its extensive surface area and presence of villi and microvilli that facilitate absorption of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The duodenum primarily functions in digestion, the ileum mainly absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts, and the colon absorbs water and electrolytes. Therefore, the jejunum is the correct choice for being a major site of nutrient absorption.
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A 25-yr-old male patient calls the clinic reporting diarrhea for 24 hours. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Inform the patient that testing of blood and stools will be neede
- C. Suggest that the patient drink clear liquid fluids with electrolytes.
- D. Ask the patient to describe the stools and any associated symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to describe the stools and associated symptoms helps the nurse gather important information for assessment. Understanding the frequency, consistency, color, and presence of blood in the stools can help determine the severity and potential causes of diarrhea. This information guides the nurse in deciding the appropriate next steps for care. Option A is incorrect as testing should be based on assessment findings. Option C is premature without assessing the patient first. Option B lacks relevance to the assessment process.
The patient has peritonitis, which is a major complication of appendicitis. What treatment will the nurse plan to include?
- A. Peritoneal lavage
- B. Peritoneal dialysis
- C. IV fluid replacement
- D. Increased oral fluid intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IV fluid replacement. IV fluids are essential in managing peritonitis to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance. It helps to support the patient's circulation and prevent shock. Peritoneal lavage (choice A) is not typically used in the treatment of peritonitis. Peritoneal dialysis (choice B) is used for kidney failure, not peritonitis. Increased oral fluid intake (choice D) may not be sufficient in cases of peritonitis where IV fluids are needed for rapid rehydration and support.
Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?
- A. digestion of fats
- B. digestion of carbohydrates
- C. absorption of nutrients
- D. storage of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. It has specialized structures like villi and microvilli to maximize absorption surface area. Choice A is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in digesting fats, it is not its primary function. Choice B is incorrect because the digestion of carbohydrates primarily occurs in the mouth and stomach. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile, but rather receives it from the liver and gallbladder to aid in digestion.
A nurse is preparing an intervention plan for a client who is receiving tube feedings after an oral surgery. Which of the following measures can prevent improper infusion and assist in preventing vomiting?
- A. Consulting the physician and dietitian
- B. Administering the feedings at room temperature
- C. Changing the tube feeding container and tubing
- D. Checking the tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Checking the tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings. This is crucial to ensure proper placement of the tube and to assess if there is any undigested food in the stomach, which can lead to vomiting if fed through the tube. By checking these factors before administering feedings, the nurse can prevent complications.
A: Consulting the physician and dietitian is important but does not directly prevent improper infusion or vomiting.
B: Administering feedings at room temperature is a good practice but does not directly prevent vomiting.
C: Changing the tube feeding container and tubing may be necessary for hygiene but does not directly prevent improper infusion or vomiting.
In summary, checking the tube placement and gastric residual is essential in preventing vomiting and ensuring proper feeding, making it the correct choice.
When assessing a client for acute pancreatitis, which of the following symptoms will the nurse observe?
- A. Increased thirst and urination
- B. Hypertension and nausea
- C. Rapid breathing and pulse rate
- D. Frothy, foul-smelling stools
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rapid breathing and pulse rate. In acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas can lead to systemic complications, including respiratory distress and tachycardia. This occurs due to the release of inflammatory mediators affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Increased thirst and urination (Choice A) are more indicative of diabetes or renal issues. Hypertension and nausea (Choice B) are not typical symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Frothy, foul-smelling stools (Choice D) are more likely linked to malabsorption disorders rather than acute pancreatitis. Rapid breathing and pulse rate are key signs that indicate the severity of the condition and the need for prompt intervention.