Nokea
Most oxygen in the blood is transported
- A. as gas dissolved in plasma
- B. as oxyhemoglobin
- C. as carboxyhemoglobin
- D. as bicarbonate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: as oxyhemoglobin. Oxygen is primarily carried in the blood by binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhemoglobin. This allows for efficient transport of oxygen to tissues. Choice A is incorrect because only a small amount of oxygen is dissolved in plasma. Choice C is incorrect as carboxyhemoglobin refers to carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin, not oxygen. Choice D is incorrect as the majority of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate, not oxygen.
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Dead air is not involved in respiration because
- A. It is very low quantity
- B. It is trapped in nasal passage
- C. It contains less Oxygen
- D. It is present deep in the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dead air is the air present in the alveoli that does not participate in gas exchange. It is located deep in the lungs, beyond the respiratory bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. Dead air does not reach the alveoli to participate in respiration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the quantity of dead air or its oxygen content are not the primary reasons why it is not involved in respiration.
The patient with acute bronchitis asks if antibiotics will be ordered for the condition. Which response is best for the nurse to make?
- A. Antibiotics are the best treatment option.
- B. Antibiotics will not help a viral condition.
- C. Antibiotics will be given if the sputum culture indicates your bronchitis is caused by bacteria.
- D. Antibiotics will inhibit the inflammatory response of your body to the invasion of this infection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- Answer C is correct because antibiotics should only be prescribed for bacterial infections, not viral ones like acute bronchitis.
- Step 1: Recognize acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses, not bacteria.
- Step 2: Understand that unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance.
- Step 3: Therefore, antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection is confirmed through sputum culture.
Summary:
- Answer A is incorrect as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for acute bronchitis.
- Answer B is incorrect as it correctly states antibiotics do not treat viral conditions.
- Answer D is incorrect as antibiotics do not inhibit the body's inflammatory response but target bacterial growth.
The ED nurse is assessing a patient complaining of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What might this indicate?
- A. The patient has a narrowed airway.
- B. The patient has pneumonia.
- C. The patient needs physiotherapy.
- D. The patient has a hemothorax.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient has a narrowed airway. Wheezing throughout the lung fields indicates the presence of narrowed airways, often due to conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wheezing is caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed airways, leading to a high-pitched whistling sound during expiration. This is a characteristic finding in patients with obstructive airway diseases.
Summary of other choices:
B: The patient having pneumonia would typically present with symptoms like fever, cough, and consolidation on auscultation, not wheezing.
C: The patient needing physiotherapy may have respiratory muscle weakness or secretion clearance issues but would not typically present with wheezing throughout lung fields.
D: The presence of a hemothorax (blood in the pleural space) would manifest as decreased breath sounds and signs of respiratory distress but not wheezing.
To determine whether a tension pneumothorax is developing in a patient with chest trauma, for what does the nurse assess the patient?
- A. Dull percussion sounds on the injured side
- B. Severe respiratory distress and tracheal deviation
- C. Muffled and distant heart sounds with decreasing blood pressure
- D. Decreased movement and diminished breath sounds on the affected side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a tension pneumothorax, there is a buildup of air under pressure in the pleural space, leading to severe respiratory distress and tracheal deviation. This can be a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention.
All of the following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT
- A. Decreased pH
- B. Increased temperature
- C. Carbon monoxide
- D. Increased 2.3 DPG
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, not the right. Decreased pH, increased temperature, and increased 2,3 DPG all shift the curve to the right by decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues.