Nokea
Before administering ephedrine, Nurse Tony assesses the patient's history. Because of ephedrine's central nervous system (CNS) effects, it is not recommended for:
- A. Patients with an acute asthma attack.
- B. Patients with narcolepsy.
- C. Patients under age
- D. Elderly patients.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elderly patients. Ephedrine, a sympathomimetic amine, can exacerbate existing CNS conditions in elderly patients, leading to adverse effects like confusion, agitation, and increased risk of falls. Elderly patients are more sensitive to CNS stimulants due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and clearance, making them more susceptible to negative effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because patients with acute asthma attacks may benefit from ephedrine's bronchodilator effects, patients with narcolepsy may benefit from its stimulant properties, and age alone is not a contraindication for ephedrine use.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with lung metastases who just underwent a mediastinotomy. What should be the focus of the nurse's postprocedure care?
- A. Assisting with pulmonary function testing (PFT)
- B. Maintaining the patient's chest tube
- C. Administering oral suction as needed
- D. Performing chest physiotherapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining the patient's chest tube. After a mediastinotomy, the focus of postprocedure care is to ensure proper drainage and prevent pneumothorax. Chest tube maintenance is crucial for monitoring drainage, preventing complications, and promoting lung expansion. Assisting with PFT (A) is not a priority immediately post mediastinotomy. Administering oral suction (C) can disrupt the chest tube and increase infection risk. Performing chest physiotherapy (D) may be indicated later but is not the immediate priority.
Dead air is not involved in respiration because
- A. It is very low quantity
- B. It is trapped in nasal passage
- C. It contains less Oxygen
- D. It is present deep in the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dead air is the air present in the alveoli that does not participate in gas exchange. It is located deep in the lungs, beyond the respiratory bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. Dead air does not reach the alveoli to participate in respiration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the quantity of dead air or its oxygen content are not the primary reasons why it is not involved in respiration.
Which statement made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. I enjoy eating 1/4 cup of walnuts every day.
- B. I will switch from whole milk to skim milk.
- C. I can have a glass of wine with dinner every night.
- D. I like red meat and I will plan to eat it more often.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because red meat is high in saturated fat which can worsen coronary artery disease. Eating it more often contradicts the TLC diet's aim to reduce saturated fat intake. Choice A is correct as walnuts are heart-healthy. Choice B is correct as switching to skim milk reduces saturated fat. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol should be consumed in moderation, not daily.
Which of the following neurological controls of ventilation responds to changes in the pH and levels of oxygen and CO2 in the blood?
- A. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla
- B. Peripheral chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid arteries
- C. Respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata and pons
- D. Central chemoreceptors in the spinal cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are highly sensitive to changes in pH and CO2 levels, influencing respiratory rate and depth. B is incorrect because peripheral chemoreceptors respond mainly to O2 levels. C refers to general respiratory control centers, not specific chemoreceptor function. D is incorrect as the spinal cord lacks central chemoreceptors.
Most of the Antibiotics against TB are not effective as the Tubercle bacterium has a resistive covering. One of the following drug is effectively used to control TB
- A. Ethambutol
- B. Streptomycin
- C. Rifampicin
- D. Penicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C: Rifampicin):
1. Rifampicin is a first-line antibiotic for TB treatment.
2. It works by inhibiting RNA synthesis in the TB bacteria.
3. TB bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to Rifampicin.
4. Its effectiveness in treating TB has been well-documented.
Summary of Why Other Choices Are Incorrect:
A: Ethambutol - Effective against TB but not the most commonly used drug like Rifampicin.
B: Streptomycin - Can be used in TB treatment but not as effective as Rifampicin.
D: Penicillin - Ineffective against TB as TB bacteria are resistant to Penicillin.