Nokea
Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH.
- A. Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary
- B. Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis
- C. Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary
- D. Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary) because glucagon is secreted by the pancreas, PTH (parathyroid hormone) is secreted by the parathyroid glands, and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Choice A (Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary) is incorrect because the neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and ADH, not glucagon, PTH, or TSH. The ovary does not secrete any of these hormones.
Choice B (Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis) is incorrect because the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone, not glucagon, PTH, or TSH. The neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and ADH, not the hormones in question.
Choice D (Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis
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Which if the following gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland?
- A. Thyroid.
- B. Thymus.
- C. Pancreas.
- D. Pituitary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon (endocrine function) into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels, while also producing digestive enzymes (exocrine function) that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Thyroid - primarily an endocrine gland that produces hormones like thyroxine.
B: Thymus - strictly an endocrine gland responsible for T-cell development.
D: Pituitary - also an endocrine gland that controls various other endocrine glands in the body.
Priority Decision: A patient with diabetes calls the clinic because she is experiencing nausea and flu-like symptoms. Which advice from the nurse will be the best for this patient?
- A. Administer the usual insulin dosage.
- B. Hold fluid intake until the nausea subsides.
- C. Come to the clinic immediately for evaluation and treatment.
- D. Monitor the blood glucose every 1 to 2 hours and call if it rises over 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Illness can cause blood glucose to rise, so the patient should monitor frequently and report if glucose levels exceed 150 mg/dL.
During care of the patient with SIADH, what should the nurse do?
- A. Monitor neurologic status at least every 2 hours.
- B. Teach the patient receiving treatment with diuretics to restrict sodium intake.
- C. Keep the head of the bed elevated to prevent antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release.
- D. Notify the health care provider if the patient's blood pressure decreases more than 20 mm Hg from baseline.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent neurologic monitoring is essential for patients with SIADH due to the risk of cerebral edema from hyponatremia.
A patient with type 1 diabetes uses 20 U of 70/30 neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH/regular) in the morning and at 6:00 pm. When teaching the patient about this regimen, what should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur before the noon meal.
- B. Flexibility in food intake is possible because insulin is available 24 hours a day.
- C. A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia.
- D. Premeal glucose checks are required to determine needed changes in daily dosing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is important to help prevent hypoglycemia, particularly with NPH insulin.
Oxytocin ________.
- A. release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
- B. is an adenohypophyseal secretion
- C. exerts its most important effects during menstruation
- D. controls milk production
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because oxytocin release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism. When oxytocin is released during childbirth, it stimulates contractions, which in turn lead to more oxytocin release, creating a positive feedback loop. This helps in the progression of labor.
Choice B is incorrect because oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone, not an adenohypophyseal secretion. Choice C is incorrect as oxytocin's main effects are related to labor, delivery, and lactation, not menstruation. Choice D is incorrect because oxytocin primarily controls uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding, not milk production itself.