Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System related questions and content

A patient presents with tiredness, weakness, anorexia, apathy, abdominal pain, hyperpigmentation and postural hypertension. Upon infection he appears to be in cardiogenic shock and his blood volume is depleted. His sodium levels are low, potassium levels are high. Which of the following would also be elevated?

  • A. TSH
  • B. T4
  • C. Adrenal hormone
  • D. ACTH
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: ACTH. In this scenario, the patient is exhibiting symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, specifically Addison's disease. ACTH levels would be elevated due to the lack of negative feedback from cortisol, which is typically low in adrenal insufficiency. TSH (A) and T4 (B) would be normal or low due to the hypofunction of the adrenal gland, not the thyroid. Adrenal hormones (C) would be low in adrenal insufficiency, not elevated.

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To ensure accurate results of a fasting blood glucose analysis, the nurse instructs the patient to fast for at least how long?

  • A. 2 hours
  • B. 4 hours
  • C. 8 hours
  • D. 12 hours
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A fasting blood glucose test requires the patient to fast for at least 8 hours to ensure accurate results.

In its action in cells, aldosterone

  • A. increases transport of ENaCs from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane
  • B. does not act on the cell membrane
  • C. binds to a receptor excluded from the nucleus
  • D. may activate a heat shock protein
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because aldosterone increases the transport of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. This process leads to enhanced sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting water retention and increasing blood pressure. Choices B and C are incorrect as aldosterone does act on the cell membrane and binds to a receptor located in the cytoplasm, which then translocates to the nucleus. Choice D is incorrect as aldosterone does not directly activate heat shock proteins.

This Hormone is Not Secreted by Hypothalamus

  • A. PRH
  • B. FSH
  • C. CRH
  • D. TRH
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (FSH)

Rationale:
1. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.
2. PRH (Prolactin Releasing Hormone), CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), and TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) are all hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, involved in regulating pituitary hormone release.
3. Therefore, FSH is the correct answer as it is not directly secreted by the hypothalamus.

Summary:
- FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.
- PRH, CRH, and TRH are hormones secreted by the hypothalamus.
- Understanding the origin of each hormone helps in determining the correct answer.

All of the following are effects of chronic tobacco smoking EXCEPT:

  • A. Peripheral vascular disease
  • B. Cardiac arrhythmias
  • C. Hypotension
  • D. Increased gastric secretion
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Chronic tobacco smoking typically causes vasoconstriction, leading to increased blood pressure rather than hypotension. Peripheral vascular disease (A), cardiac arrhythmias (B), and increased gastric secretion (D) are common effects of chronic tobacco smoking due to the harmful impact on blood vessels, heart function, and gastrointestinal system.

For the patient with hyperthyroidism, what intervention should you delegate to the experienced certified nursing assistant?

  • A. Instruct the patient to report palpitations, dyspnea, vertigo, or chest pain.
  • B. Check the apical pulse, blood pressure, and temperature every 4 hours.
  • C. Draw blood for thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3, and T4 levels.
  • D. Explain the side effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) to the patient.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Checking the apical pulse, blood pressure, and temperature every 4 hours is within the scope of practice for a certified nursing assistant and helps monitor the patient's condition.

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