Nokea
A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased ACTH. The most likely cause of her symptoms is
- A. primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease)
- B. pheochromocytoma
- C. primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease)
- D. treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease). In this case, the symptoms match those of Cushing syndrome, which is characterized by excess cortisol production. The increased ACTH levels are indicative of the pituitary gland overproducing ACTH, leading to excess cortisol. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not match the symptoms presented. Choice D is incorrect because exogenous glucocorticoids would not lead to increased ACTH levels.
You may also like to solve these questions
Regarding bilirubin:
- A. unconjugated bilirubin is more soluble than conjugated
- B. all conjugated bilirubin is excreted via the intestine
- C. bile duct obstruction causes jaundice secondary to unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
- D. haemolytic anaemia may cause ?????? hyperbilirubinaemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in hemolytic anemia, there is an increased breakdown of red blood cells, leading to excess bilirubin production. This results in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Unconjugated bilirubin is less soluble than conjugated bilirubin (Choice A). Conjugated bilirubin is excreted via the bile into the intestine, but not all of it is excreted in this manner (Choice B). Bile duct obstruction typically leads to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, not unconjugated (Choice C).
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK) is one complication of diabetes. Symptoms include
- A. hypertension
- B. bradycardia
- C. polyuria
- D. Kussmaul respirations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polyuria is a characteristic symptom of HHNK, along with hyperglycemia and severe dehydration.
What is the name of the change of state?
- A. condensation
- B. evaporation
- C. melting
- D. solidification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: solidification. Solidification is the process in which a substance changes from a liquid state to a solid state by losing heat energy. In this process, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a solid structure.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid, not from liquid to solid.
B: Evaporation is the change of state from liquid to gas, not from liquid to solid.
C: Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid, not from liquid to solid.
In summary, the process described in the question, changing from a liquid state to a solid state, is known as solidification, making it the correct answer.
The patient with newly diagnosed diabetes is displaying shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech. What should the nurse suspect is happening?
- A. DKA
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. HHS
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech are common symptoms of hypoglycemia, which should be addressed promptly.
Which of the following drugs is expected to cause anticholinergic adverse effects:
- A. Codeine
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Amitriptyline
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, causing dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention. Anticholinergic effects result from blocking the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. Codeine (A) is an opioid, Ciprofloxacin (B) is an antibiotic, and Propranolol (D) is a beta-blocker, none of which are expected to cause significant anticholinergic effects.