Nokea
Failure of the testes to descend into mitotic cell divisions occur as the the scrotum is a condition known as zygote travels down the uterine ________.
- A. phimosis
- B. the acrosomal reaction
- C. cryptorchidism
- D. cleavage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is the condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This leads to impaired spermatogenesis as the temperature in the abdominal cavity is too high for proper sperm production. Phimosis (A) is the narrowing of the opening of the foreskin, unrelated to testicular descent. The acrosomal reaction (B) is a process during fertilization, not related to testicular descent. Cleavage (D) refers to the rapid mitotic cell divisions of the zygote, not associated with testicular descent.
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Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation is known as _________.
- A. Electromyograph
- B. Electroencephalography
- C. Electromyography
- D. Electroencephalography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C):
1. Electromyography (EMG) specifically measures muscle contraction strength.
2. It involves placing electrodes on the skin to record electrical activity produced by muscles.
3. EMG is commonly used in clinical and research settings to assess muscle function and diagnose neuromuscular disorders.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Electromyograph: Incorrect term, should be "Electromyography".
B. Electroencephalography: Measures brain activity, not muscle contraction.
D. Electroencephalography: Same as choice B, measures brain activity, not muscle contraction.
You are working in the ED when a client with possible toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is admitted. The physician has given all of these orders. Which one will you implement first?
- A. Remove client's tampon.
- B. Obtain blood cultures from two sites.
- C. Give O2 at 6 L/minute.
- D. Infuse nafcillin (Unipen) 500 mg IV.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Removing the tampon eliminates the source of infection, which is critical in managing TSS.
If a woman has a tumor secreting large amounts of estrogen from the adrenal gland, which of the following will occur?
- A. Progesterone levels in the blood will be very low
- B. Her luteinizing hormone secretion rate will be totally suppressed
- C. She will not have normal menstrual cycles
- D. Her bones will be normally calcified
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Her luteinizing hormone secretion rate will be totally suppressed
Rationale:
1. The tumor secretes large amounts of estrogen, which can lead to negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is crucial for ovulation and normal menstrual cycles.
3. High estrogen levels can suppress LH secretion, disrupting ovulation and menstrual cycles.
Summary of other choices:
A: Progesterone levels may actually be elevated due to the tumor-induced high estrogen levels.
C: The disruption of LH secretion can lead to abnormal menstrual cycles.
D: High estrogen levels can lead to bone loss due to inhibition of bone formation and increased bone resorption.
A 24-yr-old woman says she wants to begin using oral contraceptives. Which information from the nursing assessment is important to report to the health care provider before a prescription is considered?
- A. The patient quit smoking 5 months previously.
- B. The patient’s blood pressure is 150/86 mm Hg.
- C. The patient has not been vaccinated for rubella
- D. The patient has chronic iron-deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a contraindication for oral contraceptives due to increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Step 2: BP of 150/86 mm Hg falls in the hypertensive range.
Step 3: Reporting high BP to the healthcare provider is crucial for assessing the patient's cardiovascular risk.
Step 4: Other choices are not immediate contraindications for oral contraceptives: A - Smoking cessation is a positive factor, C - Rubella vaccination can be addressed separately, D - Iron-deficiency anemia can be managed alongside oral contraceptives.
A 22 year old male presents in your clinic, c/o pain in his testicle and penis. The pain began last night and has steadily become worse. He hurts when he urinates. He has not attempted intercourse since the pain began. He has tried Tylenol and Ibuprofen without improvement. Denies fever or night sweats. He has had 4 previous sexual partners and has had a new partner for the last month. She is using oral contraceptives and they do not use a condom. On exam, you see a young man lying on his side, mildly ill. His temp is 100.2. There are no visible lesions on the penis, or discharge from the meatus. The scrotum appears normal. Palpation of the testes reveals severe tenderness at the superior pole of the normal-sized left testicle. He also has tenderness when you palpate the structures superior to the testicle through the scrotal wall. The right testicle is unremarkable. An examining finger is placed through each inguinal ring without bulges noted with bearing down. Urine analysis shows WBCs and bacteria. What diagnosis of the male genitalia is most likely?
- A. Acute orchitis
- B. Acute epididymitis
- C. Torsion of the spermatic cord
- D. Prostatitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute epididymitis. The patient's symptoms of pain in the testicle and penis, worsened pain with urination, and presence of WBCs and bacteria in the urine analysis are indicative of an infection. The severe tenderness at the superior pole of the left testicle and tenderness on palpation of structures superior to the testicle through the scrotal wall suggest involvement of the epididymis. The risk factors of multiple sexual partners and recent unprotected intercourse also support the diagnosis of epididymitis, which is commonly caused by sexually transmitted infections. Acute orchitis (choice A) typically presents with swelling and tenderness of the entire testicle, not just the epididymis. Torsion of the spermatic cord (choice C) presents with sudden onset severe testicular pain and may have a high-riding testicle. Prostatitis (choice D) presents with symptoms related to the prostate gland, such as pelvic