Nokea
Which disease was declared as a target for eradication in the Philippines through Presidential Proclamation No. 4?
- A. Poliomyelitis
- B. Measles
- C. Rabies
- D. Neonatal Tetanus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Measles. Step 1: Presidential Proclamation No. 4 in the Philippines declared measles as a target for eradication. Step 2: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe complications, making it a priority for eradication efforts. Step 3: Measles eradication efforts involve vaccination campaigns to achieve herd immunity. Summary: A, Poliomyelitis, and D, Neonatal Tetanus, are also targeted for eradication globally but not specifically declared in the Philippines. C, Rabies, is a viral disease transmitted through animal bites and is not typically targeted for eradication due to the complex nature of its transmission.
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Isolation of a child with measles belongs to which level of prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Isolating a child with measles is a primary prevention measure as it aims to prevent the spread of the disease to others who are not yet infected. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the occurrence of a disease before it happens. Isolation helps contain the spread of measles to reduce the risk of further transmission.
Choice B: Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent complications. Isolating a child with measles is not focused on early detection or treatment.
Choice C: Intermediate prevention is not a recognized level of prevention and is not applicable in this context.
Choice D: Tertiary prevention aims to minimize the impact of a disease that has already occurred by preventing complications and improving quality of life. Isolating a child with measles is not considered tertiary prevention as it is focused on controlling the spread of the disease rather than managing its consequences.
In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?
- A. Establishing the epidemic
- B. Testing the hypothesis
- C. Formulation of the hypothesis
- D. Appraisal of facts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Establishing the epidemic. During this stage, comparing the present disease frequency with the usual frequency helps determine if there is a significant increase, indicating an epidemic. This step is crucial for recognizing and confirming the outbreak. Testing the hypothesis (B) comes after the epidemic is established. Formulation of the hypothesis (C) involves developing a theory based on observations, not comparing frequencies. Appraisal of facts (D) occurs after data collection, not during the initial comparison.
An indicator of success in community organizing is when people are able to:
- A. Participate in community activities to address a community problem
- B. Implement activities to address the community problem
- C. Plan activities to address the community problem
- D. Identify the community problem as a common concern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because successful community organizing involves active participation of community members in addressing the problem collectively. By participating in community activities, individuals feel empowered and invested in finding solutions. Choice B is incorrect as implementation alone does not guarantee community involvement. Choice C focuses on planning only, neglecting the importance of actual participation. Choice D is also incorrect as mere identification of the problem does not demonstrate successful community organizing without further action.
Which of the following is a function of epidemiology?
- A. Identifying disease conditions based on manifestations presented by a client
- B. Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3-year-old
- C. Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3-year-old client with pneumonia
- D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. Evaluating the effectiveness of implementing protocols like the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness falls under the domain of epidemiology as it involves monitoring and assessing the impact of healthcare interventions on public health outcomes.
A: Identifying disease conditions based on manifestations presented by a client is more aligned with clinical diagnosis rather than epidemiology.
B: Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3-year-old is more related to etiology and risk factors, which are part of epidemiological studies but not the primary function.
C: Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3-year-old client with pneumonia is more focused on clinical pharmacology and treatment outcomes rather than the broader population-based approach of epidemiology.
What is the primary goal of community health nursing?
- A. To support and supplement the efforts of the medical profession in the promotion of health and prevention of diseases
- B. To enhance the capacity of individuals, families, and communities to cope with their health needs
- C. To increase the productivity of people by providing them with services that will increase their level of health
- D. To contribute to national development through the promotion of family welfare, focusing particularly on mothers and children
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the primary goal of community health nursing is to empower individuals, families, and communities to manage their health needs effectively. By enhancing their capacity to cope with health issues, community health nurses promote self-reliance and sustainability in health practices. Choice A is incorrect because while supporting medical efforts is a component of community health nursing, it is not the primary goal. Choice C is incorrect because the goal is not solely focused on increasing productivity but rather on improving overall well-being. Choice D is incorrect as it emphasizes a specific aspect of health promotion (family welfare) rather than the overarching goal of empowering individuals and communities.