Nokea
35 years old woman who is now in her 5th pregnancy with 4 alive children presented in the antenatal clinic and in diagnosed as a case of anaemia. Cause of anaemia in her case is:
- A. Folate deficiency.
- B. Sickle cell anaemia.
- C. Iron deficiency.
- D. Pernicious anaemia.
- E. Thalassaemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy especially in a multiparous woman with multiple pregnancies as iron stores are depleted due to increased demand. Folate deficiency is less common and typically presents with megaloblastic anemia. Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia require genetic predisposition and pernicious anemia is rare in pregnancy.
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Which statement by the parents indicates they understand the home care needs for a child with sickle cell anemia?
- A. We'll limit our child's fluid intake to prevent swelling.
- B. We'll encourage our child to rest during sickle cell crises.
- C. We'll give our child aspirin for fever.
- D. We'll avoid taking our child to the doctor for regular checkups.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging rest during sickle cell crises reduces oxygen demand and prevents exacerbation of vaso-occlusive episodes, indicating understanding of home care needs.
Which nursing action is most appropriate when caring for a school-age child who is experiencing a nosebleed?
- A. Tilt the child's head backward, and apply an ice pack to the nose.
- B. Position the child's head forward while gently pinching the nostrils.
- C. Pack the affected nostril with a small amount of clean cotton.
- D. Clean the affected nostril, and instill saline nose drops.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positioning the head forward and pinching the nostrils applies pressure to stop bleeding while preventing blood from flowing down the throat, which could cause choking or nausea.
Which response by the nurse would be most helpful in this situation?
- A. You should attempt to discuss the dangers of drug abuse with the patient to see if treatment is necessary.
- B. It will be necessary to get a court order before you can force your child to enter a drug treatment program.
- C. The success of the drug treatment program will depend on your child's desire to become drug-free.
- D. It's best that you force your child into the treatment program because otherwise participation probably will not occur.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The success of drug treatment relies on the adolescent's motivation to recover, making it important to discuss their willingness and readiness for treatment.
What is the diameter of fetal skull that presents at vulva during normal labour:
- A. Suboccipitofrontal.
- B. Mentovertical.
- C. Suboccipitobregmatic.
- D. Occipitofrontal.
- E. Metoposterior.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In normal vertex presentation the suboccipitobregmatic diameter (9.5 cm) is the smallest and presents at the vulva during delivery. Other diameters are larger or associated with abnormal presentations.
When discussing cerebral palsy with the parents of a newly diagnosed child, which information is correct?
- A. Cerebral palsy is a nonprogressive disease caused by damage to the brain.
- B. Brain surgery commonly helps or even cures children with cerebral palsy.
- C. Physical therapy is of little value to a child with cerebral palsy.
- D. Cerebral palsy is the result of injury to the sensory areas of the brain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebral palsy is a nonprogressive neurological disorder caused by brain damage, often before or during birth, affecting motor function but not worsening over time.