Nokea
A 2-mo-old male infant has a left flank mass discovered incidentally by the mother; radiological imaging reveals a left renal mass. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
- A. nephroblastoma
- B. neuroblastoma
- C. mesoblastic nephroma
- D. clear cell sarcoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is the most common renal malignancy in infants.
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A male client recently underwent a surgical procedure for a malignant tumor. As a result of the surgery, his urine is diverted to a stomal pouch. What should the nurse suggest so that he remains odor free.
- A. Eating spicy foods
- B. Drinking cranberry juice
- C. Eating eggs, asparagus, or cheese
- D. Drinking tea, coffee and colas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drinking cranberry juice can help decrease the odor of urine due to its acidic nature. The acid in cranberry juice can help neutralize odors in the urine, making it less noticeable. In contrast, consuming spicy foods (choice A) can actually increase the odor of urine. Similarly, choices C and D (eating eggs, asparagus, or cheese; drinking tea, coffee, and colas) can contribute to stronger-smelling urine due to the compounds they contain. Therefore, recommending cranberry juice to the male client with a stomal pouch is the most appropriate choice to help him remain odor-free.
The ABCD method offers one way to assess skin lesions for possible skin cancer. What does the A stand for?
- A. Actinic
- B. Arcus
- C. Asymmetry
- D. Assessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the ABCD method used to assess skin lesions for possible skin cancer, the letter A stands for Asymmetry. Asymmetry refers to the irregular shape of the lesion when one half of the lesion does not match the other half. Lesions that are symmetrical are less likely to be concerning for skin cancer, while asymmetrical lesions should be further evaluated by a healthcare professional. This characteristic helps in identifying potentially worrisome skin lesions early on for appropriate management.
The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old. Recommendations should include giving a first rattle at about which age?
- A. 2 months
- B. 4 months
- C. 7 months
- D. 9 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 2 months old, infants start to demonstrate more control over their arm movements and are becoming more aware of objects around them. They may also start to grasp objects intentionally. Giving a first rattle at this age can help stimulate their senses, promote sensory exploration, and encourage their fine motor skills development. This early exposure to different textures, shapes, and sounds can also aid in their cognitive and sensory development, making it an appropriate choice for a parent looking to support their baby's early growth and learning.
Which of the ff diets does the nurse recommend for clients with hypertension under the physicians guidance?
- A. The Food Guide Pyramid
- B. The South Beach Diet
- C. The Step One Diet
- D. The Dash diet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended by healthcare professionals, including nurses, for clients with hypertension. This diet emphasizes consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products while limiting sodium, saturated fats, and cholesterol. These dietary components are known to help lower blood pressure and improve overall health. The DASH diet has been proven effective in numerous studies and is endorsed by organizations like the American Heart Association for managing hypertension. It is important for clients to follow the DASH diet under the guidance of a physician to ensure it is tailored to their individual needs and health status.
A client is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. The physician begins the client on cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12), 100mcg IM daily. Which substance influences Vitamin B12 absorption?
- A. Intrinsic factor
- B. Histamine
- C. Hydrochloric acid
- D. Liver enzyme
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 absorption is significantly impaired, leading to conditions like pernicious anemia, which is a type of megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. By administering cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12) intramuscularly, the need for intrinsic factor in the absorption process is bypassed, which is necessary in cases where intrinsic factor production or function is disrupted.