Nokea
A 2-month-old infant contracts a disease through vertical transmission. Which situation should the nurse investigate further to ascertain how the infant might have been exposed to the disease?
- A. The infant received a scheduled immunization.
- B. The father fed the infant spoiled baby food.
- C. The mother is breastfeeding the infant.
- D. The infant was bitten by an infected mosquito.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breastfeeding is a common method of vertical transmission. Certain infections in the mother can be passed to the infant through breast milk. Therefore, if a 2-month-old infant contracts a disease that could be transmitted vertically, it would be important to investigate if the mother could be the source of the infection.
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A nurse designs a series of four weekly classes for clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which information should the nurse use as an outcome evaluation for the classes?
- A. Discussion of food exchanges and calories was a well-attended class.
- B. Parking convenience for attendees continued to be a major concern.
- C. Demonstrating the use of a blood glucose meter was an effective teaching strategy.
- D. Fasting blood glucose average readings were 20% lower at the end of the classes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasting blood glucose average readings being 20% lower at the end of the classes is a direct and measurable outcome that indicates improved diabetes control. This suggests that the classes were effective in teaching clients how to better manage their type 2 diabetes.
An older adult client has lost 5 lbs (2.3 kg) since their last check-up a month ago. The client maintains good hygiene, still drives, and lives alone. To which organization should the parish nurse refer this client?
- A. The Social Security Administration office.
- B. The Senior Citizen Center.
- C. The Women, Infants, and Children office.
- D. The Adult Day Care Center.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Senior Citizen Center offers a variety of services to older adults, including meal programs, health and wellness programs, and opportunities for social interaction. This could help address the client's weight loss and potential social isolation.
The epidemiological triad can be utilized to devise strategies for preventing farm machinery injuries. What action should the nurse take to concentrate on the agent?
- A. Convert written vehicle instructions into a pictorial format.
- B. Educate farm workers not to smoke around farm equipment.
- C. Offer rehabilitation services to injured farm workers.
- D. Collaborate with lawmakers to mandate safe tractor design.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Collaborating with lawmakers to mandate safe tractor design can have a significant impact on reducing farm machinery injuries. By addressing the issue at the design level, many injuries can be prevented.
A nurse has developed a six-month program to address the increased incidence of hospital-acquired infections among clients in a long-term care facility. The program includes three mandatory classes on proper handwashing techniques and increases the availability of hand cleansers in the facility. Which measure provides the best indication of the program's effectiveness?
- A. Survey employees to determine how often hand cleansers are used during client care.
- B. Compare the incidence of infections before and after the program's implementation.
- C. Observe a random sample of employees washing their hands three weeks after the program starts.
- D. Use an experimental design to compare program participants with a control group.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Comparing the incidence of infections before and after the program's implementation is the most direct and reliable measure of the program's effectiveness. A significant reduction in the rate of hospital-acquired infections after the implementation of the program would indicate that the program is effective.
The school nurse is reviewing adolescent students' incident reports. Which observation would best indicate that the objectives of Healthy People 2030 are being met?
- A. The number of requests for pregnancy tests has increased compared to the previous year.
- B. Fewer firearms were found on school premises this year compared to last year.
- C. There has been a decrease in the number of students enrolled in the school this year.
- D. The rate of absenteeism has significantly risen over the past two years.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A decrease in the number of firearms found on school premises could suggest improvements in school safety, one of the focus areas of Healthy People 2030.