Pediatric HESI 2023

Pediatric HESI 2023 Related

Review Pediatric HESI 2023 related questions and content

A 2-week-old infant is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect. The parents report that their baby has had difficulty feeding since coming home after birth. What should the nurse consider before responding?

  • A. Feeding problems are common in neonates.
  • B. Inadequate sucking is not significant in the absence of cyanosis.
  • C. Ineffective sucking and swallowing may be early indications of a heart defect.
  • D. Many neonates retain mucus, which may interfere with feeding for several weeks.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should consider that ineffective sucking and swallowing in a 2-week-old infant could be early signs of a heart defect such as a ventricular septal defect. This is crucial information as it can guide further assessment and management. Choice A is incorrect because while feeding problems can be common in neonates, in this case, the specific context of a suspected heart defect should be prioritized. Choice B is incorrect as inadequate sucking can indeed be significant, especially when considering potential underlying heart issues, regardless of the presence of cyanosis. Choice D is incorrect as while mucus retention can affect feeding, in this case, the focus should be on the possibility of a heart defect rather than a temporary issue like mucus interference.

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Which observation made of the exposed abdomen is most indicative of pyloric stenosis?

  • A. abdominal rigidity
  • B. substernal retraction
  • C. palpable olive-like mass
  • D. marked distention of lower abdomen
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: palpable olive-like mass. In pyloric stenosis, a palpable olive-like mass can often be felt in the abdomen due to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle. This mass is a key characteristic finding in infants with pyloric stenosis. Choice A, abdominal rigidity, is more commonly associated with conditions like peritonitis. Choice B, substernal retraction, is not typically seen in pyloric stenosis but can be a sign of respiratory distress. Choice D, marked distention of the lower abdomen, is not specific to pyloric stenosis and can be present in various abdominal conditions.

What should the nurse advise the parents of a child with asthma on preventing asthma attacks?

  • A. Avoid exposure to allergens
  • B. Encourage regular exercise
  • C. Provide a high-protein diet
  • D. Increase fluid intake
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are commonly triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's contact with these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise can be beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general health but are not specific preventive measures for asthma attacks.

A nurse plans to talk to the parents of a toddler about toilet training. What should the nurse explain is the most important factor in the process of toilet training?

  • A. Parents' attitude about it
  • B. Child's desire to remain dry
  • C. Child's ability to sit still on the toilet
  • D. Parents' willingness to work at the toilet training
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most crucial factor in the process of toilet training is the parents' willingness to consistently engage and work with their child. While parents' attitude and the child's desire to remain dry can influence the process, the key to successful toilet training lies in the parents' commitment and effort. The child's ability to sit still on the toilet is important but not as critical as the parents' active involvement and support in guiding and encouraging the child through the training process.

An infant who had cardiac surgery for a congenital defect is to be discharged. What should the nurse emphasize to the parents regarding administering the prescribed antibiotic?

  • A. Give the antibiotic between feedings.
  • B. Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.
  • C. Shake the bottle thoroughly before administering the antibiotic.
  • D. Keep the antibiotic in the refrigerator after opening the bottle.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.' It's crucial to stress the importance of following the prescribed antibiotic regimen to prevent infections and promote proper healing after cardiac surgery. Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the fundamental aspect of adherence to the prescription. Choice C is incorrect as shaking the bottle may not be necessary for all antibiotics and is not a critical instruction in this context. Choice D is incorrect as storage instructions are not directly related to the administration of the antibiotic as prescribed, which is the primary concern in this scenario.

What foods are appropriate for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet?

  • A. Hamburger with bun and grapes
  • B. Chicken fingers and french fries
  • C. Hot dog with bun and potato chips
  • D. Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios are appropriate choices for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet as they provide a balance of carbohydrates and protein. Option A, hamburger with bun and grapes, may be difficult for a toddler to chew, and grapes pose a choking hazard. Option B, chicken fingers and french fries, are high in unhealthy fats and sodium. Option C, hot dog with bun and potato chips, are processed foods high in salt and unhealthy fats, not ideal for a toddler's diet.

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