Community Health HESI Study Guide

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A 23-year-old single client is in the 33rd week of her first pregnancy. She tells the nurse that she has everything ready for the baby and has made plans for the first weeks together at home. Which normal emotional reaction does the nurse recognize?

  • A. Acceptance of the pregnancy
  • B. Focus on fetal development
  • C. Anticipation of the birth
  • D. Ambivalence about pregnancy
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Anticipation of the birth.' In the third trimester, it is common for expectant mothers to feel excited and prepared for the upcoming birth of their baby. This includes making plans for the baby's arrival and the early days at home. Choice A, 'Acceptance of the pregnancy,' may occur earlier in the pregnancy and does not specifically relate to the third trimester. Choice B, 'Focus on fetal development,' is more common in the earlier stages of pregnancy when the mother may be more concerned with the baby's growth and milestones. Choice D, 'Ambivalence about pregnancy,' suggests conflicting feelings which are less likely in this scenario where the client expresses readiness and plans for the baby's arrival.

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A 16-year-old client is admitted to a psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of attempted suicide. The nurse is aware that the most frequent cause for suicide in adolescents is

  • A. Progressive failure to adapt
  • B. Feelings of anger or hostility
  • C. Reunion wish or fantasy
  • D. Feelings of alienation or isolation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Feelings of alienation or isolation are common triggers for suicidal behavior in adolescents. This sense of being disconnected or isolated from others can lead to despair and hopelessness, increasing the risk of suicidal ideation. Choices A, B, and C are less commonly associated with suicide in adolescents. Progressive failure to adapt may contribute to stress, but it is not typically the primary cause of suicide. Feelings of anger or hostility, while negative emotions, do not always lead to suicidal behavior in adolescents. Reunion wish or fantasy is not a recognized primary cause of suicide in this age group.

A young child is admitted for treatment of lead poisoning. The nurse recognizes that the most serious effect of chronic lead poisoning is

  • A. Central nervous system damage
  • B. Moderate anemia
  • C. Renal tubule damage
  • D. Growth impairment
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Chronic lead poisoning can lead to severe and irreversible damage to the central nervous system, including cognitive and developmental delays. Central nervous system damage is the most serious effect of chronic lead poisoning because it can have long-lasting consequences on a child's cognitive function and overall development. Moderate anemia (Choice B), renal tubule damage (Choice C), and growth impairment (Choice D) can also occur due to lead poisoning, but they are not as severe or potentially irreversible as the damage to the central nervous system.

A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving insulin glargine (Lantus). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?

  • A. Hypoglycemia
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Hypertension
  • D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin used to control blood sugar levels in diabetes. The nurse should monitor the client for hypoglycemia, which is a potential side effect of insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop too low, leading to symptoms such as shakiness, dizziness, sweating, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Hyperkalemia (choice B) is an elevated potassium level, not typically associated with insulin glargine. Hypertension (choice C) is high blood pressure, which is not a common side effect of insulin glargine. Hypercalcemia (choice D) is an elevated calcium level and is not related to the use of insulin glargine.

True or False: Vertical transmission is the disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth.

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Vertical transmission is the transfer of a disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth. This process can lead to the baby acquiring infections or diseases from the mother. Choice A is correct because it accurately describes vertical transmission. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the definition of vertical transmission.

When asked to help develop interventions to combat obesity among children, the community health nurse should stress the importance of implementing which activity?

  • A. Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles.
  • B. Develop strict diet plans for school-aged children.
  • C. Provide diet classes for obese children during school hours.
  • D. Require all children to participate in organized team sports.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Setting goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles. This approach is essential in combating childhood obesity as it promotes sustainable habits and behaviors. Option B, developing strict diet plans, may not be effective in the long term and could lead to unhealthy relationships with food. Option C, providing diet classes during school hours, may not address the root causes of obesity and could potentially stigmatize the children. Option D, requiring all children to participate in organized team sports, may not be feasible for all children and might not address dietary habits and sedentary behaviors.

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