Nokea
A 28-year-old multigravid client at 28 weeks' gestation diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis is receiving intravenous fluids and antibiotics. After teaching the client about the rationale for the aggressive therapy, the nurse determines that the client needs further instruction when she says that acute pyelonephritis can lead to which of the following?
- A. Preterm labor.
- B. Maternal sepsis.
- C. Intrauterine growth retardation.
- D. Congenital fetal anomalies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis can cause preterm labor, maternal sepsis, and intrauterine growth retardation due to infection and inflammation. Congenital fetal anomalies are not a direct consequence, indicating a need for further teaching.
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Which of the following observations is expected when the nurse is assessing the gestational age of a neonate delivered at term?
- A. Ear lying flat against the head.
- B. Absence of rugae in the scrotum.
- C. Sole creases covering the entire foot.
- D. Square window sign angle of 90 degrees.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sole creases covering the entire foot are characteristic of a term neonate, indicating full gestational maturity.
While the nurse is assessing the fundus of a multiparous client who delivered 24 hours ago, the client asks, "What can I do to get rid of these stretch marks?" Which of the following responses would be most appropriate?
- A. As long as you don't get pregnant again, the marks will disappear completely.
- B. They usually fade to a silvery-white color over a period of time.
- C. You'll need to use a specially prescribed cream to help them disappear.
- D. If you lose the weight you gained during pregnancy, the marks will fade to a pale pink.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stretch marks typically fade to a silvery-white color over time without specific intervention.
The nurse assesses a swollen ecchymosed area to the right of an episiotomy on a primiparous client 6 hours after a vaginal delivery. The nurse should next:
- A. Apply an ice pack to the perineal area.
- B. Assess the client's temperature.
- C. Have the client take a warm sitz bath.
- D. Contact the physician for orders for an antibiotic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Applying an ice pack reduces swelling and bruising in the perineal area, which is appropriate for the described symptoms.
A primiparous client, 4 hours postpartum, reports feeling overwhelmed and anxious about caring for her newborn. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Encourage the client to rest and limit visitors.
- B. Teach the client basic newborn care skills immediately.
- C. Administer an anxiolytic medication as prescribed.
- D. Refer the client to a social worker for counseling.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching basic newborn care skills empowers the client, reduces anxiety, and promotes confidence in the early postpartum period.
A neonate born at 29 weeks' gestation received nasal continuous positive airway pressure. The neonate is receiving oxygen at 1 L/minute via nasal cannula at a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) of 0.23. The pulse oximetry reading is 70% saturation. In which order of priority from first to last should the nurse take these actions?
- A. Increase the $\mathrm{FiO}_2$.
- B. Make sure the pulse oximeter is correlating to the heart rate.
- C. Assess the neonate for color.
- D. Assess the neonate for respiratory effort.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,A
Rationale: First, ensure the pulse oximeter is accurate (B). Then, assess clinical signs like color (C) and respiratory effort (D). Finally, adjust $\mathrm{FiO}_2$ (A) if needed based on findings.