Microbiology An Introduction Test Bank

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A 28 y.o. homeless male was admitted to the hospital because of initial diagnosis "influenza". Roseolo-petechiae rash has appeared on the trunk and internal surfaces of the limbs on the fifth day. Temperature is 410C, euphoria, face and sclera's hyperemia, tongue tremor, tachycardia, splenomegaly, excitement. What is the most probable diagnosis?

  • A. Typhus
  • B. Alcogolic delirium
  • C. Leptospirosis
  • D. Abdominal typhoid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most probable diagnosis for the homeless male with symptoms of roseolo-petechiae rash, hyperemia, tachycardia, splenomegaly, and euphoria is Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection commonly associated with exposure to contaminated water or soil, which is prevalent in homeless populations. The initial diagnosis of "influenza" fits with the flu-like symptoms. The appearance of roseolo-petechiae rash and other symptoms like hyperemia, tachycardia, splenomegaly, and euphoria are consistent with leptospirosis. The other choices can be ruled out: A) Typhus typically presents with headache, fever, and rash, but not the specific symptoms described. B) Alcoholic delirium is more likely with a history of alcohol abuse and presents with confusion, disorientation, and hallucinations. D) Abdominal typhoid presents with prolonged fever, abdominal pain

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Toxoplasma gondii belongs to which group of eukaryotic organisms?

  • A. Algae
  • B. Fungi
  • C. Protozoans
  • D. Helminths
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite known to cause toxoplasmosis. It belongs to the group of eukaryotic organisms called protozoans because it is a single-celled organism with complex cellular structures. Protozoans are characterized by their ability to move and perform essential functions independently. Algae (choice A) are photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, fungi (choice B) are non-photosynthetic eukaryotes that include molds and yeasts, and helminths (choice D) are multicellular parasitic worms. Therefore, the correct answer is C because Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite.

Systemic amebiasis with involvment of intestines, liver, lungs was diagnosed in a 52-year-old patient. What drug should be prescribed?

  • A. Quiniofone
  • B. Enteroseptol
  • C. Metronidazole
  • D. Tetracycline
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Metronidazole is the drug of choice for systemic amebiasis due to its high efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica. It has good tissue penetration and can treat intestinal, liver, and lung involvement. Quiniofone (A) has limited use and is not recommended for amebiasis. Enteroseptol (B) is not effective against systemic amebiasis. Tetracycline (D) is not the first-line treatment for amebiasis and has limited efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica.

While registering the child to the school Mantoux's test was made to define whether revaccination was needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?

  • A. Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
  • B. Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
  • C. Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
  • D. Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Mantoux test measures cell-mediated immunity response to tuberculosis.
Step 2: A negative result means no significant immune response to TB antigens.
Step 3: Option A is incorrect, as it refers to antitoxic immunity, not cell immunity.
Step 4: Option B is incorrect, as it mentions antibodies, not cell-mediated immunity.
Step 5: Option C is incorrect, as it states absence of antibodies, not cell immunity.
Step 6: Option D is correct as it directly correlates with the purpose of Mantoux test.

Which of the statements below IS NOT CORRECT

  • A. an immunocompromised person has to be vaccinated with live vaccines with caution
  • B. live vaccines to not revert to virulent form
  • C. microbes with many serotypes are difficult to control with vaccination
  • D. side effect to vaccination can occur
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because live vaccines can potentially revert to a virulent form, although this is extremely rare. This is due to the live attenuated virus in the vaccine potentially mutating back to a more dangerous form. Live vaccines are designed to be weakened but there is a small risk of reversion. Therefore, statement B is not correct.

A: This statement is correct as immunocompromised individuals may have adverse reactions to live vaccines due to their weakened immune system.
C: This statement is correct as microbes with many serotypes can make it challenging to develop a vaccine that covers all variations.
D: This statement is correct as side effects to vaccination, although usually mild and temporary, can occur in some individuals.

A Gram-negative bacterium producing a blue-green pigment and having a fruity odor was isolated from a patient's wound infection. What is the likely causative agent?

  • A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • B. Escherichia coli
  • C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • D. Proteus mirabilis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Blue-green pigment + fruity odor are characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2. P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with wound infections.
3. P. aeruginosa is known for its ability to produce pyocyanin (blue-green pigment) and a sweet, fruity odor.
4. Other choices like E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis do not typically produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.
5. Therefore, based on the characteristics observed, the likely causative agent is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Summary of other choices:
- Escherichia coli: Does not produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae: Does not typically produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.
- Proteus mirabilis: Does not produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.

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