Nokea
A 3-year-old female is hospitalized for a femur fracture. As her nurse, what nursing action would help foster the child's sense of autonomy?
- A. Allow the child to choose what time to take her oral antibiotics.
- B. Allow the child to have a doll for medical play.
- C. Allow the child to administer her own dose of Keflex (cephalexin) via oral syringe.
- D. Allow the child to watch age-appropriate videos.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allowing preschoolers to participate in actions for which they are capable is an excellent way to enhance their sense of autonomy.
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The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby's formula faster. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Never heat a bottle in a microwave oven.
- B. Heat only 10 ounces or more.
- C. Always leave bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.
- D. Shake bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should recommend never heating a bottle in a microwave oven. Microwaves do not heat liquids evenly, and there is a risk of creating hot spots in the formula, which can burn the baby's mouth and throat. It is safer to heat the formula by placing the bottle in warm water or using a bottle warmer to ensure uniform heating throughout.
Which statement, from a participant attending the class on AIDS prevention, indicates an understanding on how to reduce transmission of HIV?
- A. Mother's who are HIV positive should still be encouraged to breastfeed their babies because beast milk is superior to cow's milk
- B. I think a needle exchange program, where clean needles are exchanged for dirty needles, should be offered in every city
- C. Females taking birth control pills are protected from getting HIV
- D. It's okay to use natural skin condoms since they offer the same protection as the latex condoms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because implementing a needle exchange program is an effective way to reduce transmission of HIV among intravenous drug users. By providing clean needles in exchange for dirty needles, the risk of sharing contaminated needles and spreading the virus is significantly reduced. This approach also helps prevent the transmission of other bloodborne diseases, such as Hepatitis C. The other statements do not demonstrate an understanding of how to reduce HIV transmission - for example, encouraging breastfeeding for HIV-positive mothers can transmit the virus to the baby, birth control pills do not protect against HIV, and natural skin condoms do not offer the same level of protection as latex condoms.
The clue to need a help for a child who does not respond correctly to 'Give me' or 'Sit down' or 'Come here' when spoken without gestural cues is by age of
- A. 15 months
- B. 18 months
- C. 21 months
- D. 24 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 24 months, a child should be able to follow simple commands without gestures.
Children with ALL who carry poor outcome include all the following EXCEPT
- A. age younger than 1 year and older than 10 year
- B. T-cell immunophenotype
- C. hyperdiploidy chromosomal abnormality
- D. initial leukocyte count of > 50,000
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperdiploidy is generally associated with a favorable prognosis in ALL, unlike other listed factors.
A medical student observes that infants cry in response to another infant's cry. The MOST appropriate answer is that it represents
- A. an early sign of empathy development
- B. a sign of good hearing
- C. a startle reflex
- D. an early sign of fear development
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants crying in response to others may indicate early empathy development.