NCLEX Questions on Neurological System

NCLEX Questions on Neurological System Related

Review NCLEX Questions on Neurological System related questions and content

A 30-year-old female presents with muscle weakness in the lower extremities and palpitations. Her symptoms have been progressively worse over the course of a 2 weeks. She reports to be in great health, but had a period of abdominal pain and diarrhea approximately 5 weeks ago. Her temperature is 98.9 deg F (37.2 deg C), blood pressure 117/82 mmHg, pulse is 102/min, and respirations are 16/min. On physical exam, there is 4-/5 muscle strength throughout the lower extremities. Bilateral patellar reflexes are 1+ and ankle reflexes are absent. Lumbar puncture was performed, and results are pending. Part 2: What is the most appropriate initial treatment?

  • A. High dose corticosteroids
  • B. Intravenous immunoglobulin
  • C. Potassium chloride
  • D. Pyridostigmine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first-line treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). It works by modulating the immune response and reducing the severity of the disease. High-dose corticosteroids are not effective in GBS, and potassium chloride and pyridostigmine are not indicated for this condition.

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In the initial nursing assessment of Mr. Singer it is important to remember that malignant rheumatoid arthritis

  • A. is limited to the synovial joints
  • B. may also involve the heart, lungs, and other body systems
  • C. is primarily an episodic disease
  • D. affects primarily the proximal joints
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Malignant rheumatoid arthritis can affect multiple organ systems beyond the joints.

When assessing a patient's response to stimuli, the nurse should:

  • A. Observe for changes in the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli.
  • B. Measure the patient's heart rate.
  • C. Inspect the patient's skin for lesions.
  • D. Check the patient's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Response to stimuli is assessed by observing the patient's reaction to verbal and physical stimuli. Heart rate, skin lesions, and blood pressure are unrelated to this assessment.

The nurse is providing care for an 87-year-old woman who is recovering from a cerebral vascular accident. Which precaution should the nurse take after noting the patient has a positive Romberg test?

  • A. Institute fall-risk precautions.
  • B. Provide small, frequent meals.
  • C. Request a footboard and splints.
  • D. Darken the room and reduce stimuli.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A positive Romberg test indicates impaired balance and proprioception, increasing the risk of falls. Fall-risk precautions, such as using a gait belt and ensuring a safe environment, are essential. Small meals, footboards, and reducing stimuli are not directly related to balance issues.

The area of the nervous system that is responsible for mediating reflexes is the:

  • A. Medulla.
  • B. Cerebellum.
  • C. Spinal cord.
  • D. Cerebral cortex.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Spinal cord. The spinal cord is responsible for mediating reflexes due to its role in transmitting sensory information to the brain and coordinating motor responses without involving higher brain centers. Reflex actions are quick, involuntary responses to stimuli that help protect the body. The medulla (A) controls vital functions like breathing and heartbeat, the cerebellum (B) coordinates movement and balance, and the cerebral cortex (D) is involved in higher cognitive functions like thinking and decision-making, but not reflex actions.

Application of RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) is indicated for initial management of which type of injury?

  • A. Muscle spasms
  • B. Sprains and strains
  • C. Repetitive strain injury
  • D. Dislocations and subluxations
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: RICE is effective for managing acute soft tissue injuries like sprains and strains.

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