Quizlet Genitourinary System

Quizlet Genitourinary System Related

Review Quizlet Genitourinary System related questions and content

A 32-year-old woman presents with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. The nurse suspects an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following is the most common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

  • A. Previous pelvic surgery.
  • B. Endometriosis.
  • C. Tubal ligation.
  • D. Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can lead to scarring and narrowing of the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy. This is because the fertilized egg may get stuck in the narrowed tube, leading to an ectopic pregnancy.

A: Previous pelvic surgery is a risk factor, but it is not the most common one for ectopic pregnancy.
B: Endometriosis can also affect fallopian tubes but is not the most common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.
C: Tubal ligation is a form of contraception that reduces the risk of pregnancy but does not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

In summary, PID is the most common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy due to its potential to cause fallopian tube scarring and narrowing, leading to the implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus.

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The nurse is performing a genitourinary assessment on a 50-year-old obese male laborer. On examination, the nurse notices a painless round swelling close to the pubis in the area of the internal inguinal ring that is easily reduced when the individual is supine. These findings are most consistent with a(n) ______ hernia.

  • A. Scrotal.
  • B. Femoral.
  • C. Direct inguinal.
  • D. Indirect inguinal.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Direct inguinal hernia. In this scenario, the key clues are the painless round swelling close to the pubis, easily reduced when supine, and in the area of the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur due to weakness in the abdominal wall muscles, often seen in older males with increased intra-abdominal pressure. The hernia protrudes directly through the abdominal wall, typically in the area of the internal inguinal ring. Scrotal hernias (Choice A) present in the scrotum, not close to the pubis. Femoral hernias (Choice B) occur below the inguinal ligament and are more common in females. Indirect inguinal hernias (Choice D) pass through the internal inguinal ring and are more common in young males.

Acetazolamide is not frequently used as diuretic but the current indication is * in the treatment of:

  • A. Liver cirrhosis
  • B. CHF
  • C. Glaucoma
  • D. Kidney failure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor commonly used in treating glaucoma due to its ability to decrease intraocular pressure. The drug works by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye. This mechanism makes it an effective treatment for glaucoma. In contrast, liver cirrhosis (choice A) is typically managed with diuretics that act on the kidneys to reduce fluid accumulation. CHF (choice B) is commonly treated with loop diuretics to reduce fluid overload and improve cardiac function. Acetazolamide is not indicated for treating heart failure. Kidney failure (choice D) may require diuretics to manage fluid balance, but acetazolamide is not the first-line treatment in this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as acetazolamide's current indication is in the treatment of glaucoma.

Thiazide diuretics may produce an increase in blood levels of uric acid and: *

  • A. Potassium
  • B. BUN
  • C. Urea
  • D. Glucose
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary excretion of uric acid, leading to increased blood levels. Thiazides also increase potassium reabsorption, potentially causing hyperkalemia. However, the main effect on uric acid levels makes choice A correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as thiazides do not directly impact BUN, urea, or glucose levels.

The primary role of the phosphate buffer system is to?

  • A. buffer stomach acid
  • B. buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide
  • C. limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids
  • D. buffer the urine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids.
1. Phosphate buffer system consists of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO4^2-) ions, which can donate or accept H+ ions to maintain a stable pH.
2. Metabolic and fixed acids produced in the body can lead to pH changes. The phosphate buffer system helps to prevent drastic changes in pH by neutralizing excess H+ ions.
3. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because the phosphate buffer system is not specifically designed to buffer stomach acid, carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide, or buffer the urine.

A nurse is preparing a patient diagnosed with benign

  • A. When about 80% of the nephrons are no longer prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) for a lower urinary tract functioning cystoscopic examination. The nurse informs the patient that the most common temporary complication
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. BPH can cause urinary symptoms.
2. Cystoscopy is a common diagnostic test.
3. Temporary complications include UTI or urinary retention.
4. BPH affects a significant number of nephrons.
5. Choice A aligns with BPH pathophysiology and common complications.
Summary:
- Choice A is correct due to BPH affecting nephrons and causing urinary symptoms leading to temporary complications like UTI. Other choices lack relevance to BPH or its complications.

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