Nokea
A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was bad. What is the nurses best interpretation of this comment?
- A. Sign of stress
- B. Common at this age
- C. Suggestive of maladaptation
- D. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschoolers cannot understand the cause and effect of illness. Their egocentrism makes them think they are directly responsible for events, making them feel guilt for things outside of their control. Children of this age react to stress by regressing developmentally or acting out. Maladaptation is unlikely. This comment does not imply excessive discipline at home.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period?
- A. Team
- B. Parallel
- C. Solitary
- D. Associative
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Associative play is group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules. School-age children play in teams. Parallel play is that of toddlers. Solitary play is that of infants.
At a seminar for parents with preschool-age children, the nurse has discussed anticipatory tasks during the preschool years. Which statement by a parent should indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should be worried if my 4-year-old child has an increase in sexual curiosity because this is a sign of sexual abuse.
- B. I should expect my 5-year-old to change from a tranquil child to an aggressive child when school starts.
- C. I should be concerned if my 4-year-old child starts telling exaggerated stories and has an imaginary playmate, since these could be signs of stress.
- D. I should expect my 3-year-old child to have a more stable appetite and an increase in food selections.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 3-year-old child exhibits a more stable appetite than during the toddler years and is more willing to try different foods. A 4-year-old child is imaginative and indulges in telling tall tales and may have an imaginary playmate; these are normal findings, not signs of stress. Also a 4-year-old child has an increasing curiosity in sexuality, which is not a sign of child abuse. A 5-year-old child is usually tranquil, not aggressive like a 4-year-old child.
A boy age 4 1/2 years has been having increasingly frequent angry outbursts in preschool. He is aggressive toward the other children and the teachers. This behavior has been a problem for approximately 8 to 10 weeks. His parent asks the nurse for advice. What is the most appropriate intervention?
- A. Refer the child for a professional psychosocial assessment.
- B. Explain that this is normal in preschoolers, especially boys.
- C. Encourage the parent to try more consistent and firm discipline.
- D. Talk to the preschool teacher to obtain validation for behavior parent reports.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The preschool years are a time when children learn socially acceptable behavior. The difference between normal and problematic behavior is not the behavior but the severity, frequency, and duration. This childs behavior meets the definition requiring professional evaluation. Some aggressive behavior is within normal limits, but at 8 to 10 weeks, this behavior has persisted too long. There is no indication that the parent is using inconsistent discipline. A part of the evaluation is to obtain validation for behavior parent reports.
The nurse is conducting an assessment of fine motor development in a 3-year-old child. Which is the expected drawing skill for this age?
- A. Can draw a complete stick figure
- B. Holds the instrument with the fist
- C. Can copy a triangle and diamond
- D. Can copy a circle and imitate a cross
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 3-year-old child copies a circle and imitates a cross and vertical and horizontal lines. He or she holds the writing instrument with the fingers rather than the fist. A 3-year-old is not able to draw a complete stick figure but draws a circle, later adds facial features, and by age 5 or 6 years can draw several parts (head, arms, legs, body, and facial features). Copying a triangle and diamond are mastered sometime between ages 5 and 6 years.
What dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool child?
- A. Lisp
- B. Echolalia
- C. Stammering
- D. Repetition without meaning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stammering and stuttering are normal dysfluency in preschool-age children. Lisps are not a normal characteristic of language development. Echolalia and repetition are traits of toddlers language.