Nokea
The nurse is teaching parents about instilling a positive body image for the preschool age. What statement made by the parents indicates the teaching is understood?
- A. We will make sure our child is praised about his or her looks.
- B. We will help our child compare his or her size with other children.
- C. We understand our child will have well-defined body boundaries.
- D. We will be sure our child understands about being little for his or her age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because these are formative years for both boys and girls, parents should make efforts to instill positive principles regarding body image. Children at this age are aware of the meaning of words such as pretty or ugly, and they reflect the opinions of others regarding their own appearance. Despite the advances in body image development, preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries. By 5 years of age, children compare their size with that of their peers and can become conscious of being large or short, especially if others refer to them as so big or so little for their age. Parents should not suggest their child compare him- or herself with other children in regard to size, and parents should not focus on their childs size as being little.
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The nurse is planning to bring a preschool child a toy from the playroom. What toy is appropriate for this age group?
- A. Building blocks
- B. A 500-piece puzzle
- C. Paint by number picture
- D. Farm animals and equipment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most characteristic and pervasive preschooler activity is imitative, imaginative, and dramatic play. Farm animals and equipment would provide hours of self-expression. Building blocks are appropriate for older infants and toddlers. A 500-piece puzzle or a paint by number picture would be appropriate for a school-age child.
According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief of which?
- A. Thoughts are all powerful.
- B. God is an imaginary friend.
- C. Events have cause and effect.
- D. If the skin is broken, the insides will come out.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because of their egocentrism and transductive reasoning, preschoolers believe that thoughts are all powerful. Believing God is an imaginary friend is an example of concrete thinking in a preschoolers spiritual development. Cause-and-effect implies logical thought, not magical thinking. Believing that if the skin is broken, the insides will come out is an example of concrete thinking in development of body image.
A child age 4 1/2 years sometimes wakes her parents up at night screaming, thrashing, sweating, and apparently frightened, yet she is not aware of her parents presence when they check on her. She lies down and sleeps without any parental intervention. This is most likely what?
- A. Nightmare
- B. Sleep terror
- C. Sleep apnea
- D. Seizure activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is a description of a sleep terror. The child is observed during the episode and not disturbed unless there is a possibility of injury. A child who awakes from a nightmare is distressed. She is aware of and reassured by the parents presence. This is not the case with sleep apnea. This behavior is not indicative of seizure activity.
During the preschool period, the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on what?
- A. Limitation of physical activities
- B. Punishment for unsafe behaviors
- C. Constant vigilance and protection
- D. Teaching about safety and potential hazards
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Education about safety and potential hazards is appropriate for preschoolers because they can begin to understand dangers. Limitation of physical activities is not appropriate. Punishment may make children scared of trying new things. Constant vigilance and protection are not practical at this age because preschoolers are becoming more independent.
What characteristic best describes the language skills of a 3-year-old child?
- A. Asks meanings of words
- B. Follows directional commands
- C. Can describe an object according to its composition
- D. Talks incessantly regardless of whether anyone is listening
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because of the dramatic vocabulary increase at this age, 3-year-old children are known to talk incessantly regardless of whether anyone is listening. A 4- to 5-year-old child asks lots of questions and can follow simple directional commands. A 6-year-old child can describe an object according to its composition.