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A 4-year-old child tells the school nurse that he invented a new song. Which of the following would be the best response from the nurse?
- A. Congratulate the child on a job well done.
- B. Tell the child that he is too young to invent anything.
- C. Nicely tell the child that it does not sound like a song.
- D. Ask the child to come back later when there is more time to listen to the song.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging the child’s creativity builds confidence and supports Erikson’s initiative vs. guilt stage.
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What would be the best way for a parent to explain to a toddler that he needs to receive the influenza vaccine at today’s appointment?
- A. “You need the shot to keep you healthy. You will feel a little pinch when you get the shot.”
- B. “You need the shot to prevent the flu. They will use a small needle to administer the shot. It will not take long.”
- C. “You need a shot, but don’t worry, you won’t feel a thing.”
- D. “No, you will not get any needles today.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Honest and simple explanations about what the toddler will experience help them prepare for the shot.
An individual reveals to the nurse that he is having an affair with his wife’s best friend. Which of the following statements will enhance effective therapeutic communication between him and the nurse?
- A. “You know that what you are doing is wrong.”
- B. “Why would you want do something like that?”
- C. “How could you do that to your wife and children?”
- D. “This affair seems to be troubling you.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse is focusing on the client's feelings about the affair, which encourages further conversation without judgment.
Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
- A. Self-breast examination education
- B. Yearly mammograms
- C. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
- D. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention includes screening for early disease detection, such as mammograms for breast cancer.
During an office visit, a nurse provides counseling to a 70-year-old woman with osteoporosis who is otherwise very healthy. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the woman?
- A. Avoid all forms of exercise because of the risk of fractures.
- B. Walk with a partner at least 30 minutes a day 5 days a week.
- C. Use a wheelchair to get around so that she can prevent falls.
- D. Take a step aerobics class 5 days a week.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking with a partner is a safe, weight-bearing activity that can help improve bone density and prevent falls.
Which is an example of asymptomatic pathogenesis?
- A. Blood pressure of 170/98 experiencing headaches
- B. Positive finding on colonoscopy and blood in stool
- C. Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
- D. Elevated TSH who is always tired
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated PSA without symptoms is an example of asymptomatic pathogenesis, where the disease is present but not yet manifested.