Nokea
A 40-year-old client presents with a complaint of morning stiffness in her hands, and painful joints of about 3 months duration. On physical examination, you note deviation of the fingers of both hands toward the ulnar side, and swelling and thickening of the proximal interphalangeal joints. You refer the client to a physician for diagnosis and treatment of what you expect to be
- A. osteoarthritis
- B. degenerative joint disease
- C. rheumatoid arthritis
- D. gouty arthritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Symptoms such as morning stiffness, joint swelling, and ulnar deviation are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Excitatory signals have a ________ effect.
- A. hyperpolarizing
- B. neutral
- C. depolarizing
- D. positive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Excitatory signals have a depolarizing effect on the postsynaptic neuron, making the membrane potential moreOops! DeepSeek is experiencing high traffic at the moment. Please check back in a little while.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) is being considered as treatment for a patient with progressive-relapsing MS. The nurse explains that a disadvantage of this drug compared with other drugs used for MS is what?
- A. It must be given subcutaneously every day.
- B. It has a lifetime dose limit because of cardiac toxicity.
- C. It is an anticholinergic agent that causes urinary incontinence.
- D. It is an immunosuppressant agent that increases the risk for infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitoxantrone has a lifetime dose limit due to its potential for cardiac toxicity
Within what approximate time frame does necrosis (cell death) occur because of lack of blood, oxygen, and glucose supplied to the brain?
- A. at least 30 minutes
- B. 20-25 minutes
- C. 12-18 minutes
- D. 4-10 minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Necrosis, or cell death, can occur within 4-10 minutes of interrupted blood flow to the brain. This underscores the importance of rapid intervention during a stroke to minimize brain damage and improve outcomes.
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
- A. endocrine and exocrine nervous systems
- B. upper and lower nervous systems
- C. spinal and extremity nervous systems
- D. central and peripheral nervous systems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding how the body processes and responds to information.
When assessing a patient's level of consciousness, the nurse should:
- A. Evaluate the patient's response to verbal and physical stimuli.
- B. Measure the patient's blood pressure.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin color.
- D. Assess the patient's respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evaluating a patient's response to verbal and physical stimuli is essential for assessing their level of consciousness. Blood pressure, skin color, and respiratory rate are important but do not directly measure consciousness.