Nokea
A 50 year old Chinese man is suspected to have metabolic syndrome. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2006 definition, which ONE of the following diagnostic criteria is mandatory to make a diagnosis in this gentleman?
- A. Triglycerides of 1.7 mmol/L
- B. Waist circumference of 90 cm
- C. HDL-cholesterol of <1.03 mmol/L
- D. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IDF 2006 metabolic syndrome hinges on waist 90 cm for Asian men, mandatory, then two more like lipids, BP, or glucose. Others count, but girth's the chronic core nurses measure first.
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Animal experiments have shown that destruction of the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus leads to unrestrained eating, because a specific structure is lost. Question: Which structure is lost?
- A. The amygdala
- B. The vagus nerve
- C. The satiety centre
- D. The feeding centre
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ventromedial zap satiety centre dies, eating runs wild, not amygdala's fear, vagus' gut, or feeding's drive. Nurses link this, a chronic overeat switch.
A patient who is being treated for stage IV lung cancer tells the nurse about new-onset back pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Give the patient the prescribed PRN opioid.
- B. Assess for sensation and strength in the legs.
- C. Notify the health care provider about the symptoms.
- D. Teach the patient how to use relaxation to reduce pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage IV lung cancer plus back pain flags spinal cord compression leg checks for numbness or weakness come first; paralysis kills fast. Opioids , calls , or relaxation follow. Nurses in oncology prioritize this neuro's the lifeline, catching mets' chaos early.
Patients on insulin therapy should receive essential education on the following EXCEPT:
- A. Insulin injection technique
- B. Stopping all oral hypoglycaemic agents
- C. Recognition and self-management of hypoglycaemia
- D. Sick day management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin therapy education for diabetes patients covers injection technique, hypoglycemia recognition and management, sick day rules, and safe driving, per diabetes care standards. However, stopping all oral hypoglycemic agents isn't universally essential many patients continue agents like metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitors alongside insulin for synergistic effects, depending on glycemic control needs. Assuming cessation oversimplifies treatment plans, potentially reducing efficacy. Education must tailor to individual regimens, not mandate stopping orals, making this the exception. Physicians ensure comprehensive teaching to enhance adherence and safety, critical in chronic disease management.
A general practitioner (GP) advises an overweight patient to go to the gym to work out. Question: This advice is an example of which type of prevention?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gym nudge for overweight primary, stops diabetes before it starts, not screening or late fixes. Nurses push this, a chronic preemptive strike.
Which of these clients assigned to the nurse is most likely to need planning for long-term nursing management?
- A. 22-year-old with appendicitis who has had an emergency appendectomy
- B. 56-year-old with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who weighs 159 kg
- C. 34-year-old with cholecystitis who has had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- D. 62-year-old with acute sinusitis who will require antibiotic therapy for 5 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoarthritis at 159 kg screams chronic long-term PT, diet plans beat appendectomy, gallbladder, or sinus quickies. Nurses plot this, a marathon, not sprints.