Nokea
A 60-year-old man presents at the patient complaining that his breasts are tender and enlarging. Patients are subsequently diagnosed with gynecomastia. The patient should be assessed for what causative factor?
- A. Age-related symptoms
- B. Medication adverse effects
- C. Poor nutrition
- D. Fluid overload
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gynecomastia in older men is often caused by medications, such as diuretics or antipsychotics, which can disrupt hormonal balance. It is not an age-related change, nor is it linked to nutrition or fluid overload.
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A patient at high risk for breast cancer is scheduled for an incision biopsy in the outpatient surgery department. When the nurse is providing preoperative education, the patient asks why an incision is being done instead of just removing the mass. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. An incision is performed because its known to be less painful and more accurate than other forms of testing.
- B. An incision is performed to confirm a diagnosis and so that special studies can be done that will help determine the treatment.
- C. An incision is performed to assess the potential for recovery from a mastectomy.
- D. An incision is performed on patients who are younger than the age of 40 and who are otherwise healthy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incisional biopsy removes a portion of the mass to confirm breast cancer and allows for specialized studies to guide treatment. It is not chosen for pain, age, or mastectomy recovery assessment, and complete mass removal may not be feasible or necessary initially.
A patient is to undergo an ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The patient tells the nurse that a patient of hers had a stereotactic core needle biopsy. She wants to understand the difference between the procedures. What would be the nurses best response?
- A. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy is faster, less expensive, and does not use radiation.
- B. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy is a little more expensive, but it doesnt use radiation and it is faster.
- C. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy is a little more expensive, and it also uses radiation but it is faster.
- D. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy takes more time, and it also uses radiation, but it is less expensive.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasound-guided core biopsy is faster, less expensive, and radiation-free compared to stereotactic biopsy, which uses X-rays for guidance, making it a preferred option when ultrasound is suitable.
A woman is considering breast reduction mammogram. When weighing the patients health risks, the nurse should confirm that the patient is aware that what factor?
- A. Chronic breast pain
- B. Unclear mammography results
- C. Increased risk of breast cancer
- D. Decreased nipple sensation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breast reduction mammoplasty may result in decreased nipple sensation due to nerve disruption. It does not increase cancer risk, affect mammography clarity, or cause chronic pain.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a radical mastectomy and axillary node dissection. When providing patient education regarding rehabilitation, what should the nurse recommend?
- A. Avoid exercise of the arm for next 2 months.
- B. Keep cuticles clipped neatly.
- C. Avoid lifting objects heavier than 10 pounds.
- D. Use a sling until healing is complete.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-axillary dissection, patients should avoid lifting objects heavier than 5 to 10 pounds to prevent lymphedema or injury. Arm exercises are encouraged, cuticles should not be cut to avoid infection, and slings are unnecessary.
A patient has been discharged home after a total mastectomy without reconstruction. The patient lives alone and has a home health referral. When the home care nurse performs the first scheduled visit to this patient, what should the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
- A. Adherence to the exercise plan
- B. Overall psychological functioning
- C. Integrity of surgical drains
- D. Understanding of cancer
- E. Use of the breast prosthesis
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The home care nurse assesses incision and drain integrity, adherence to exercises to prevent lymphedema, and psychological functioning to ensure recovery. Cancer understanding is less critical at this stage, and prosthesis use is typically addressed later.