Nokea
A 66 year old man has recently been diagnosed with hypertension. He has no history of heart disease and diabetes mellitus. His average blood pressure is recorded as 154/82 mmHg. What is the MOST appropriate first line pharmacological therapy?
- A. Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors
- B. Angiotensin receptor blockers
- C. Thiazide diuretics
- D. Calcium channel blockers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: New hypertension at 66, 154/82 no heart or sugar issues thiazide diuretics kick off gentle, effective control, especially in older adults. ACE inhibitors or ARBs fit if kidneys or diabetes pop up; calcium blockers work but aren't first; beta blockers lag unless heart history. Nurses lean on thiazides cheap, proven for this chronic pressure nudge, keeping it simple and safe.
You may also like to solve these questions
Choose the CORRECT statement Babies born from mothers with gestational diabetes:
- A. Are at a high risk of being born with diabetes
- B. Are usually hypoglycaemic due to maternal insulin drug therapy
- C. Are usually of higher birth weight
- D. Are always given a glucose challenge test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gestational diabetes fattens babies high maternal sugar pumps fetal growth, a hefty birth norm. They don't inherit diabetes at birth, hypo's rare unless mom's on insulin, tests aren't routine. Nurses track this, a chronic womb echo.
Which of the following client statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
- A. I am not able to exercise
- B. Exercise helps people lose weight
- C. Exercise is too hard on my arthritis
- D. Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Outcome expectancy ties behavior to results exercise shedding pounds nails it, a belief nurses tap for motivation. Can't-do's, pain gripes, or diet bets miss that link, just vent or compare. It's a chronic nudge, faith in action's payoff.
Which does not require post exposure prophylaxis for rabies?
- A. scratch
- B. bite on face
- C. bite on extremity
- D. skin contact with blood, urine or faeces
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rabies PEP bites, scratches, bat splashes trigger; blood, pee, poop on skin don't. Nurses skip this chronic non-risk.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is to begin receiving external radiation for a malignant tumor of the neck. While providing patient education, what potential adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the patient?
- A. Impaired nutritional status
- B. Cognitive changes
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Alopecia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neck radiation hits the oral mucosa, salivary glands, and throat, causing mucositis, taste loss, pain, and dysphagia leading to impaired nutrition. Patients struggle to eat, risking weight loss and weakness, a top concern in head-and-neck cases. Cognitive changes tie to brain radiation, not neck. Diarrhea aligns with abdominal radiation, not this site. Alopecia occurs with whole-brain radiation, not localized neck treatment, where hair loss is minimal unless the scalp's in the field. Nurses must prep patients for these site-specific effects, ensuring dietary support (e.g., soft foods, supplements) to maintain strength through therapy, a key part of oncology care planning.
Which of the following is the surgical treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure?
- A. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
- B. Percutaneous angiogram
- C. Genetic counseling
- D. Ventricular assist devices (VADs)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: End-stage heart failure, when drugs and pacing fail, leans on ventricular assist devices mechanical pumps aiding circulation, a bridge to transplant or destination therapy. CRT syncs ventricles, less invasive, but VADs tackle severe pump collapse. Angiograms diagnose, not treat; genetic counseling's irrelevant. Nurses prep for VADs, managing post-op risks, the go-to surgical fix in this terminal cardiac scenario.