Nokea
Which of the following medication are utilized to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
- A. Antiplatelet drugs
- B. Diuretics
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PAD's clot risk loves antiplatelets like aspirin thinning blood, easing flow past plaques, a mainstay treatment. Diuretics drop fluid, not PAD's game. Antibiotics fight bugs, not here. Nitroglycerin dilates, less direct. Nurses push antiplatelets, cutting ischemia, a key med in this leg-saving fight.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with left-sided lung cancer. Which finding would be most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?
- A. Hematocrit of 32%
- B. Pain with deep inspiration
- C. Serum sodium of 126 mEq/L
- D. Decreased breath sounds on left side
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lung cancer can spark SIADH sodium at 126 risks seizures, outpacing anemia , pleuritic pain , or expected breath loss . Nurses in oncology report this low sodium's a metabolic emergency, needing swift fix.
A nurse has taught a client about dietary changes that can reduce the chances of developing cancer. What statement by the client indicates the nurse needs to provide additional teaching?
- A. Foods high in vitamin A and vitamin C are important.
- B. I'll have to cut down on the amount of bacon I eat.
- C. I'm so glad I don't have to give up my juicy steaks.
- D. Vegetables, fruit, and high-fiber grains are important.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diet plays a significant role in cancer prevention, and nurses often educate clients on evidence-based dietary adjustments. Foods rich in vitamins A and C, such as carrots and citrus fruits, are known to have antioxidant properties that may reduce cancer risk by neutralizing free radicals. Reducing processed meats like bacon is advised due to their association with colorectal cancer, linked to nitrates and high fat content. Similarly, high vegetable, fruit, and fiber intake is recommended for their protective effects against various cancers, including colon cancer. However, excessive red meat consumption, such as steaks, is a known risk factor for cancers like colorectal and prostate cancer due to saturated fats and carcinogenic compounds formed during cooking. The client's statement about not giving up steaks suggests a misunderstanding, indicating the nurse must clarify that limiting red meat, not just processed meat, is part of a cancer-preventive diet. This additional teaching is essential to ensure the client adopts a comprehensive approach to reducing cancer risk.
Many people with obesity have a lower insulin-stimulated glucose uptake compared with people without increased body weight. It is assumed that several factors play a role in the development of insulin resistance. Question: Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to play a role in the development of insulin resistance?
- A. Reduced insulin levels
- B. Increased adipokine levels
- C. Increased triglyceride levels
- D. Low-grade continuous inflammation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin resistance brews from fat's adipokines, triglycerides, inflammation not low insulin, that's type 1's game. Obesity's chronic jam needs excess, not lack nurses flag this misfit.
A 54-year-old has a diagnosis of breast cancer and is tearfully discussing her diagnosis with the nurse. The patient states, 'They tell me my cancer is malignant, while my coworker's breast tumor was benign. I just don't understand at all.' When preparing a response to this patient, the nurse should be cognizant of what characteristic that distinguishes malignant cells from benign cells of the same tissue type?
- A. Slow rate of mitosis of cancer cells
- B. Different proteins in the cell membrane
- C. Differing size of the cells
- D. Different molecular structure in the cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant breast cancer cells flaunt tumor-specific antigens (e.g., CEA) on their membranes, unlike benign ones from the same tissue think of it as a wanted' sign for the immune system. Mitosis isn't slow it's fast in malignant cells. Size varies, not the defining split. Molecular structure shifts, but membrane proteins are the standout marker. Nurses use this to explain why her cancer's a threat those antigens tag it as invasive, a core oncology lesson for scared patients piecing it together.
What is the conventional definition of Microalbuminuria?
- A. Albumin excretion between 60 and 600 mg/24 hours
- B. Albumin excretion between 50 and 500 mg/24 hours
- C. Albumin excretion between 40 and 400 mg/24 hours
- D. Albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/24 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microalbuminuria flags early kidney damage 30 to 300 mg/24 hours of albumin marks it, a standard tying subtle leaks to diabetes or hypertension's renal hit. Wider ranges 60-600, 50-500, 40-400 overreach into overt proteinuria; 20-200 dips too low, missing the threshold. This 30-300 zone signals preclinical harm, urging ACE inhibitors or tighter glucose/BP control, a chronic disease marker clinicians lean on to stall progression, precise yet practical.