Nokea
A 9-year-old boy develops acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) one year after completion of therapy for soft tissue sarcoma at his right thigh. Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents is MOST likely the cause of secondary acute myelogenous leukemia AML in this boy?
- A. cyclophosphamide
- B. vincristine
- C. etoposide
- D. doxorubicin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Etoposide is known to be associated with secondary AML due to its potential to induce chromosomal abnormalities.
You may also like to solve these questions
Recent studies indicate that a deficiency of which vitamin correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles?
- A. A
- B. C
- C. Niacin
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recent studies have shown that a deficiency of vitamin A correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system and helps protect against severe complications of measles, such as pneumonia and vision problems. Children with measles are at higher risk of vitamin A deficiency due to factors such as decreased intake and increased utilization of vitamin A during infection. Providing vitamin A supplementation to children with measles has been shown to reduce the severity of the disease and improve outcomes. Therefore, ensuring adequate vitamin A levels is essential in the management of children with measles to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Which of the following disorders results from a deficiency of factor VIII?
- A. Sickle cell disease
- B. Christmas disease
- C. Hemophilia A
- D. Hemophilia B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemophilia A, also known as classic hemophilia, is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of clotting factor VIII. Factor VIII is crucial for the blood clotting process, and its deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding episodes, even from minor injuries. Christmas disease, mentioned in the options, refers to Hemophilia B, which results from a deficiency in clotting factor IX, not factor VIII. Therefore, the disorder resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII is Hemophilia A.
A client metastatic ovarian cancer is prescribed cisplatin (Platinol). Before administering the first dose, the nurse reviews the client's medication history for drugs that may interact with cisplatin. Which drug may cause significant interactions when given concomitantly with cisplatin?
- A. Erythromycin
- B. A cephalosporin
- C. A tetracycline
- D. An amino glycoside Situation: A client with ovarian cancer is prescribed hydroxyurea (Hydrea), an antimetabolite drug.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amino glycosides, such as gentamicin or amikacin, can interact significantly with cisplatin, leading to increased risk of kidney damage or hearing loss. Both amino glycosides and cisplatin are known to have nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects independently. When combined, the risk of these side effects is potentiated, making it important to monitor renal function and hearing closely when these drugs are co-administered. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid the concomitant use of amino glycosides with cisplatin in order to prevent harmful drug interactions and reduce the risk of adverse effects in the client with metastatic ovarian cancer.
A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Weight loss
- B. Facial edema
- C. Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine
- D. Fatigue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Facial edema is a common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome due to fluid retention and protein loss in the urine.
What are distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on cheeks, chin, and nose in the newborn period called?
- A. Milia
- B. Lanugo
- C. Mongolian spots
- D. Cutis marmorata
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milia are distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on the cheeks, chin, and nose in the newborn period. They are commonly found in newborns and usually resolve on their own without treatment. Milia are not harmful and are considered a normal physiological occurrence in newborns. Lanugo refers to fine, downy hair covering newborn infants, Mongolian spots are blue-grey birthmarks usually found on the lower back or buttocks of newborns, and Cutis marmorata is a vascular mottling of the skin in newborns.