Nokea
A 9-year-old girl often comes to the school nurse complaining of stomach pains. Her teacher says she is completing her school work satisfactorily but lately has been somewhat aggressive and stubborn in the classroom. The school nurse should recognize this as which?
- A. Signs of stress
- B. Developmental delay
- C. Lack of adjustment to school environment
- D. Physical problem that needs medical intervention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Signs of stress include stomach pains or headache, sleep problems, bedwetting, changes in eating habits, aggressive or stubborn behavior, reluctance to participate, or regression to earlier behaviors. The child is completing school work satisfactorily; any developmental delay would have been diagnosed earlier. The teacher reports that this is a departure from the childs normal behavior. Adjustment issues would most likely be evident soon after a change. Medical intervention is not immediately required. Recognizing that this constellation of symptoms can indicate stress, the nurse should help the child identify sources of stress and how to use stress reduction techniques. The parents are involved in the evaluation process.
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What statement best describes fear in school-age children?
- A. Increasing concerns about bodily safety overwhelm them.
- B. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers.
- C. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.
- D. Children with numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the school-age years, children experience a wide variety of fears, but new fears related predominantly to school and family bother children during this time. Parents and other persons involved with children should discuss childrens fear with them individually or as a group activity. Sometimes school-age children hide their fears to avoid being teased. Hiding the fears does not end them and may lead to phobias.
A parent asks about whether a 7-year-old child is able to care for a dog. Based on the childs age, what does the nurse suggest?
- A. Caring for an animal requires more maturity than the average 7-year-old possesses.
- B. This will help the parent identify the childs weaknesses.
- C. A dog can help the child develop confidence and emotional health.
- D. Cats are better pets for school-age children.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pets have been observed to influence a childs self-esteem. They can have a positive effect on physical and emotional health and can teach children the importance of nurturing and nonverbal communication. Most 7-year-old children are capable of caring for a pet with supervision. Caring for a pet should be a positive experience. It should not be used to identify weaknesses. The pet chosen does not matter as much as the childs being responsible for a pet.
The parents of 9-year-old twin children tell the nurse, They have filled up their bedroom with collections of rocks, shells, stamps, and bird nests. The nurse should recognize that this is which?
- A. Indicative of giftedness
- B. Indicative of typical twin behavior
- C. Characteristic of cognitive development at this age
- D. Characteristic of psychosocial development at this age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Classification skills involve the ability to group objects according to the attributes they have in common. School-age children can place things in a sensible and logical order, group and sort, and hold a concept in their mind while they make decisions based on that concept. Individuals who are not twins engage in classification at this age. Psychosocial behavior at this age is described according to Eriksons stage of industry versus inferiority.
What is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years?
- A. Cheating during games is now more common.
- B. Stealing can occur because their sense of property rights is limited.
- C. Lying is used to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.
- D. Dishonesty results from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older school-age children may lie to meet expectations set by others to which they have been unable to measure up. Cheating usually becomes less frequent as the child matures. Young children may lack a sense of property rights; older children may steal to supplement an inadequate allowance, or it may be an indication of serious problems. In this age group, children are able to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
What statement characterizes moral development in the older school-age child?
- A. Rule violations are viewed in an isolated context.
- B. Judgments and rules become more absolute and authoritarian.
- C. The child remembers the rules but cannot understand the reasons behind them.
- D. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older school-age children are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted the behavior rather than just by the consequences. Rule violation is likely to be viewed in relation to the total context in which it appears. Rules and judgments become less absolute and authoritarian. The situation and the morality of the rule itself influence reactions.