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The school nurse is providing guidance to families of children who are entering elementary school. What is essential information to include?
- A. Meet with teachers only at scheduled conferences.
- B. Encourage growth of a sense of responsibility in children.
- C. Provide tutoring for children to ensure mastery of material.
- D. Homework should be done as soon as child comes home from school.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By being responsible for school work, children learn to keep promises, meet deadlines, and succeed in their jobs as adults. Parents should meet with the teachers at the beginning of the school year, for scheduled conferences, and whenever information about the child or parental concerns needs to be shared. Tutoring should be provided only in special circumstances in elementary school, such as in response to prolonged absence. The parent should not dictate the study time but should establish guidelines to ensure that homework is done.
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The school nurse has been asked to begin teaching sex education in the fifth grade. What should the nurse recognize?
- A. Questions need to be discouraged in this setting.
- B. Most children in the fifth grade are too young for sex education.
- C. Sexuality is presented as a normal part of growth and development.
- D. Correct terminology should be reserved for children who are older.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When sexual information is presented to school-age children, sex should be treated as a normal part of growth and development. They should be encouraged to ask questions. At 10 to 11 years old, fifth graders are not too young to speak about physiologic changes in their bodies. Preadolescents need precise and concrete information.
What is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years?
- A. Cheating during games is now more common.
- B. Stealing can occur because their sense of property rights is limited.
- C. Lying is used to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.
- D. Dishonesty results from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older school-age children may lie to meet expectations set by others to which they have been unable to measure up. Cheating usually becomes less frequent as the child matures. Young children may lack a sense of property rights; older children may steal to supplement an inadequate allowance, or it may be an indication of serious problems. In this age group, children are able to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
What statement characterizes moral development in the older school-age child?
- A. Rule violations are viewed in an isolated context.
- B. Judgments and rules become more absolute and authoritarian.
- C. The child remembers the rules but cannot understand the reasons behind them.
- D. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older school-age children are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted the behavior rather than just by the consequences. Rule violation is likely to be viewed in relation to the total context in which it appears. Rules and judgments become less absolute and authoritarian. The situation and the morality of the rule itself influence reactions.
An 8-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has cancer because God is punishing her for being bad. What should the nurse interpret this as?
- A. A common belief at this age
- B. Indicative of excessive family pressure
- C. Faith that forms the basis for most religions
- D. Suggestive of a failure to develop a conscience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children at this age may view illness or injury as a punishment for a real or imagined misbehavior. School-age children expect to be punished and tend to choose a punishment that they think fits the crime. This is a common belief and not related to excessive family pressure. Many faiths do not include a God that causes cancer in response for bad behavior. This statement reflects the childs belief in what is right and wrong.
The school nurse needs to obtain authorization for a child who requires medications while at school. From whom does the nurse obtain the authorization?
- A. The parents
- B. The pharmacist
- C. The school administrator
- D. The prescribing practitioner
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A child who requires medication during the school day requires written authorization from the parent or guardian. Most schools also require that the medication be in the original container appropriately labeled by the pharmacist or physician. Some schools allow children to receive over-the-counter medications with parental permission. The pharmacist may be asked to appropriately label the medication for use at the school, but authorization is not required. The school administration should have a policy in place that facilitates the administration of medications for children who need them. The prescribing practitioner is responsible for ensuring that the medication is appropriate for the child. Because the child is a minor, parental consent is required.