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What statement accurately describes physical development during the school-age years?
- A. The childs weight almost triples.
- B. Muscles become functionally mature.
- C. Boys and girls double strength and physical capabilities.
- D. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to childrens heavier appearance.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Boys and girls double both strength and physical capabilities. Their consistent refinement in coordination increases their poise and skill. In middle childhood, growth in height and weight occurs at a slower pace. Between the ages of 6 and 12 years, children grow 5 cm/yr and gain 3 kg/yr. Their weight will almost double. Although the strength increases, muscles are still functionally immature when compared with those of adolescents. This age group is more easily injured by overuse. Children take on a slimmer look with longer legs in middle childhood.
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The school nurse is discussing after-school sports participation with parents of children age 10 years. The nurses presentation includes which important consideration?
- A. Teams should be gender specific.
- B. Organized sports are not appropriate at this age.
- C. Competition is detrimental to the establishment of a positive self-image.
- D. Sports participation is encouraged if the type of sport is appropriate to the childs abilities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Virtually every child is suited for some type of sport. The child should be matched to the type of sport appropriate to his or her abilities and physical and emotional makeup. At this age, girls and boys have the same basic structure and similar responses to exercise and training. After puberty, teams should be gender specific because of the increased muscle mass in boys. Organized sports help children learn teamwork and skill acquisition. The emphasis should be on playing and learning. Children do enjoy appropriate levels of competition.
What statement best describes fear in school-age children?
- A. Increasing concerns about bodily safety overwhelm them.
- B. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers.
- C. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.
- D. Children with numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the school-age years, children experience a wide variety of fears, but new fears related predominantly to school and family bother children during this time. Parents and other persons involved with children should discuss childrens fear with them individually or as a group activity. Sometimes school-age children hide their fears to avoid being teased. Hiding the fears does not end them and may lead to phobias.
What is descriptive of the social development of school-age children?
- A. Identification with peers is minimum.
- B. Children frequently have best friends.
- C. Boys and girls play equally with each other.
- D. Peer approval is not yet an influence for the child to conform.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Identification with peers is a strong influence in childrens gaining independence from parents. Interaction among peers leads to the formation of close friendships with same-sex peersbest friends. Daily relationships with age mates in the school setting provide important social interactions for school-age children. During the later school years, groups are composed predominantly of children of the same sex. Conforming to the rules of the peer group provides children with a sense of security and relieves them of the responsibility of making decisions.
The school nurse has been asked to begin teaching sex education in the fifth grade. What should the nurse recognize?
- A. Questions need to be discouraged in this setting.
- B. Most children in the fifth grade are too young for sex education.
- C. Sexuality is presented as a normal part of growth and development.
- D. Correct terminology should be reserved for children who are older.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When sexual information is presented to school-age children, sex should be treated as a normal part of growth and development. They should be encouraged to ask questions. At 10 to 11 years old, fifth graders are not too young to speak about physiologic changes in their bodies. Preadolescents need precise and concrete information.
An 8-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has cancer because God is punishing her for being bad. What should the nurse interpret this as?
- A. A common belief at this age
- B. Indicative of excessive family pressure
- C. Faith that forms the basis for most religions
- D. Suggestive of a failure to develop a conscience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children at this age may view illness or injury as a punishment for a real or imagined misbehavior. School-age children expect to be punished and tend to choose a punishment that they think fits the crime. This is a common belief and not related to excessive family pressure. Many faiths do not include a God that causes cancer in response for bad behavior. This statement reflects the childs belief in what is right and wrong.