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A school-age child has begun to sleepwalk. What does the nurse advise the parents to perform?
- A. Wake the child and help determine what is wrong.
- B. Leave the child alone unless he or she is in danger of harming him- or herself or others.
- C. Arrange for psychologic evaluation to identify the cause of stress.
- D. Keep the child awake later in the evening to ensure sufficient tiredness for a full night of sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sleepwalking is usually self-limiting and requires no treatment. The child usually moves about restlessly and then returns to bed. Usually the actions are repetitive and clumsy. The child should not be awakened unless in danger. If there is a need to awaken the child, it should be done by calling the childs name to gradually bring to a state of alertness. Some children, who are usually well behaved and tend to repress feelings, may sleepwalk because of strong emotions. These children usually respond to relaxation techniques before bedtime. If a child is overly fatigued, sleepwalking can increase.
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What statement accurately describes physical development during the school-age years?
- A. The childs weight almost triples.
- B. Muscles become functionally mature.
- C. Boys and girls double strength and physical capabilities.
- D. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to childrens heavier appearance.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Boys and girls double both strength and physical capabilities. Their consistent refinement in coordination increases their poise and skill. In middle childhood, growth in height and weight occurs at a slower pace. Between the ages of 6 and 12 years, children grow 5 cm/yr and gain 3 kg/yr. Their weight will almost double. Although the strength increases, muscles are still functionally immature when compared with those of adolescents. This age group is more easily injured by overuse. Children take on a slimmer look with longer legs in middle childhood.
What statement best describes the relationship school-age children have with their families?
- A. Ready to reject parental controls
- B. Desire to spend equal time with family and peers
- C. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family
- D. Peer group replaces the family as the primary influence in setting standards of behavior and rules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: School-age children need and want restrictions placed on their behavior, and they are not prepared to cope with all the problems of their expanding environment. Although increased independence is the goal of middle childhood, they feel more secure knowing that an authority figure can implement controls and restriction. In the middle school years, children prefer peer group activities to family activities and want to spend more time in the company of peers. Family values usually take precedence over peer value systems.
A parent asks about whether a 7-year-old child is able to care for a dog. Based on the childs age, what does the nurse suggest?
- A. Caring for an animal requires more maturity than the average 7-year-old possesses.
- B. This will help the parent identify the childs weaknesses.
- C. A dog can help the child develop confidence and emotional health.
- D. Cats are better pets for school-age children.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pets have been observed to influence a childs self-esteem. They can have a positive effect on physical and emotional health and can teach children the importance of nurturing and nonverbal communication. Most 7-year-old children are capable of caring for a pet with supervision. Caring for a pet should be a positive experience. It should not be used to identify weaknesses. The pet chosen does not matter as much as the childs being responsible for a pet.
When teaching injury prevention during the school-age years, what should the nurse include?
- A. Teach children about the need to fear strangers.
- B. Teach basic rules of water safety.
- C. Avoid letting children cook in microwave ovens.
- D. Caution children against engaging in competitive sports.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water safety instruction is an important component of injury prevention at this age. The child should be taught to swim, select safe and supervised places to swim, swim with a companion, check sufficient water depth for diving, and use an approved flotation device. Teach stranger safety, not fear of strangers. This includes telling the child not to go with strangers, not to wear personalized clothing in public places, to tell parents if anyone makes child feel uncomfortable, and to say no in uncomfortable situations. Teach the child safe cooking. Caution against engaging in dangerous sports such as jumping on trampolines.
What is descriptive of the play of school-age children?
- A. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go.
- B. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages.
- C. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.
- D. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Play involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy. Children form groups and cliques and develop a sense of belonging to a team or club. At this age, children begin to see the need for rules. Conformity and ritual permeate their play. Their games have fixed and unvarying rules, which may be bizarre and extraordinarily rigid. With team play, children learn about competition and the importance of winning, an attribute highly valued in the United States but not in all cultures.