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What do nursing interventions to promote health during middle childhood include?
- A. Stress the need for increased calorie intake to meet increased demands.
- B. Instruct parents to defer questions about sex until the child reaches adolescence.
- C. Advise parents that the child will need increasing amounts of rest toward the end of this period.
- D. Educate parents about the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The permanent teeth erupt during the school-age years. Good dental hygiene and regular attention to dental caries are vital parts of health supervision during this period. Caloric needs are decreased in relation to body size for this age group. Balanced nutrition is essential to promote growth. Questions about sex should be addressed honestly as the child asks questions. The child usually no longer needs a nap, but most require approximately 11 hours of sleep each night at age 5 years and 9 hours at age 12 years.
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The school nurse is discussing after-school sports participation with parents of children age 10 years. The nurses presentation includes which important consideration?
- A. Teams should be gender specific.
- B. Organized sports are not appropriate at this age.
- C. Competition is detrimental to the establishment of a positive self-image.
- D. Sports participation is encouraged if the type of sport is appropriate to the childs abilities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Virtually every child is suited for some type of sport. The child should be matched to the type of sport appropriate to his or her abilities and physical and emotional makeup. At this age, girls and boys have the same basic structure and similar responses to exercise and training. After puberty, teams should be gender specific because of the increased muscle mass in boys. Organized sports help children learn teamwork and skill acquisition. The emphasis should be on playing and learning. Children do enjoy appropriate levels of competition.
What statement best describes fear in school-age children?
- A. Increasing concerns about bodily safety overwhelm them.
- B. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers.
- C. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.
- D. Children with numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the school-age years, children experience a wide variety of fears, but new fears related predominantly to school and family bother children during this time. Parents and other persons involved with children should discuss childrens fear with them individually or as a group activity. Sometimes school-age children hide their fears to avoid being teased. Hiding the fears does not end them and may lead to phobias.
What is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years?
- A. Cheating during games is now more common.
- B. Stealing can occur because their sense of property rights is limited.
- C. Lying is used to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.
- D. Dishonesty results from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older school-age children may lie to meet expectations set by others to which they have been unable to measure up. Cheating usually becomes less frequent as the child matures. Young children may lack a sense of property rights; older children may steal to supplement an inadequate allowance, or it may be an indication of serious problems. In this age group, children are able to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
What statement best describes the relationship school-age children have with their families?
- A. Ready to reject parental controls
- B. Desire to spend equal time with family and peers
- C. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family
- D. Peer group replaces the family as the primary influence in setting standards of behavior and rules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: School-age children need and want restrictions placed on their behavior, and they are not prepared to cope with all the problems of their expanding environment. Although increased independence is the goal of middle childhood, they feel more secure knowing that an authority figure can implement controls and restriction. In the middle school years, children prefer peer group activities to family activities and want to spend more time in the company of peers. Family values usually take precedence over peer value systems.
What is descriptive of the play of school-age children?
- A. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go.
- B. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages.
- C. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.
- D. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Play involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy. Children form groups and cliques and develop a sense of belonging to a team or club. At this age, children begin to see the need for rules. Conformity and ritual permeate their play. Their games have fixed and unvarying rules, which may be bizarre and extraordinarily rigid. With team play, children learn about competition and the importance of winning, an attribute highly valued in the United States but not in all cultures.