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What is descriptive of the social development of school-age children?
- A. Identification with peers is minimum.
- B. Children frequently have best friends.
- C. Boys and girls play equally with each other.
- D. Peer approval is not yet an influence for the child to conform.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Identification with peers is a strong influence in childrens gaining independence from parents. Interaction among peers leads to the formation of close friendships with same-sex peersbest friends. Daily relationships with age mates in the school setting provide important social interactions for school-age children. During the later school years, groups are composed predominantly of children of the same sex. Conforming to the rules of the peer group provides children with a sense of security and relieves them of the responsibility of making decisions.
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What statement best describes the relationship school-age children have with their families?
- A. Ready to reject parental controls
- B. Desire to spend equal time with family and peers
- C. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family
- D. Peer group replaces the family as the primary influence in setting standards of behavior and rules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: School-age children need and want restrictions placed on their behavior, and they are not prepared to cope with all the problems of their expanding environment. Although increased independence is the goal of middle childhood, they feel more secure knowing that an authority figure can implement controls and restriction. In the middle school years, children prefer peer group activities to family activities and want to spend more time in the company of peers. Family values usually take precedence over peer value systems.
The parents of 9-year-old twin children tell the nurse, They have filled up their bedroom with collections of rocks, shells, stamps, and bird nests. The nurse should recognize that this is which?
- A. Indicative of giftedness
- B. Indicative of typical twin behavior
- C. Characteristic of cognitive development at this age
- D. Characteristic of psychosocial development at this age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Classification skills involve the ability to group objects according to the attributes they have in common. School-age children can place things in a sensible and logical order, group and sort, and hold a concept in their mind while they make decisions based on that concept. Individuals who are not twins engage in classification at this age. Psychosocial behavior at this age is described according to Eriksons stage of industry versus inferiority.
The school nurse has been asked to begin teaching sex education in the fifth grade. What should the nurse recognize?
- A. Questions need to be discouraged in this setting.
- B. Most children in the fifth grade are too young for sex education.
- C. Sexuality is presented as a normal part of growth and development.
- D. Correct terminology should be reserved for children who are older.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When sexual information is presented to school-age children, sex should be treated as a normal part of growth and development. They should be encouraged to ask questions. At 10 to 11 years old, fifth graders are not too young to speak about physiologic changes in their bodies. Preadolescents need precise and concrete information.
What is an important consideration in preventing injuries during middle childhood?
- A. Achieving social acceptance is a primary objective.
- B. The incidence of injuries in girls is significantly higher than it is in boys.
- C. Injuries from burns are the highest at this age because of fascination with fire.
- D. Lack of muscular coordination and control results in an increased incidence of injuries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: School-age children often participate in dangerous activities in an attempt to prove themselves worthy of acceptance. The incidence of injury during middle childhood is significantly higher in boys compared with girls. Motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of severe injuries in children. Children have increasing muscular coordination. Children who are risk takers may have inadequate self-regulatory behavior.
What statement characterizes moral development in the older school-age child?
- A. Rule violations are viewed in an isolated context.
- B. Judgments and rules become more absolute and authoritarian.
- C. The child remembers the rules but cannot understand the reasons behind them.
- D. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older school-age children are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted the behavior rather than just by the consequences. Rule violation is likely to be viewed in relation to the total context in which it appears. Rules and judgments become less absolute and authoritarian. The situation and the morality of the rule itself influence reactions.