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What is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years?
- A. Cheating during games is now more common.
- B. Stealing can occur because their sense of property rights is limited.
- C. Lying is used to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.
- D. Dishonesty results from the inability to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older school-age children may lie to meet expectations set by others to which they have been unable to measure up. Cheating usually becomes less frequent as the child matures. Young children may lack a sense of property rights; older children may steal to supplement an inadequate allowance, or it may be an indication of serious problems. In this age group, children are able to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
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The school nurse is discussing after-school sports participation with parents of children age 10 years. The nurses presentation includes which important consideration?
- A. Teams should be gender specific.
- B. Organized sports are not appropriate at this age.
- C. Competition is detrimental to the establishment of a positive self-image.
- D. Sports participation is encouraged if the type of sport is appropriate to the childs abilities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Virtually every child is suited for some type of sport. The child should be matched to the type of sport appropriate to his or her abilities and physical and emotional makeup. At this age, girls and boys have the same basic structure and similar responses to exercise and training. After puberty, teams should be gender specific because of the increased muscle mass in boys. Organized sports help children learn teamwork and skill acquisition. The emphasis should be on playing and learning. Children do enjoy appropriate levels of competition.
An 8-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has cancer because God is punishing her for being bad. What should the nurse interpret this as?
- A. A common belief at this age
- B. Indicative of excessive family pressure
- C. Faith that forms the basis for most religions
- D. Suggestive of a failure to develop a conscience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Children at this age may view illness or injury as a punishment for a real or imagined misbehavior. School-age children expect to be punished and tend to choose a punishment that they think fits the crime. This is a common belief and not related to excessive family pressure. Many faiths do not include a God that causes cancer in response for bad behavior. This statement reflects the childs belief in what is right and wrong.
What is the role of the peer group in the life of school-age children?
- A. Decreases their need to learn appropriate sex roles
- B. Gives them an opportunity to learn dominance and hostility
- C. Allows them to remain dependent on their parents for a longer time
- D. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peer group identification is an important factor in gaining independence from parents. Through peer relationships, children learn ways to deal with dominance and hostility. They also learn how to relate to people in positions of leadership and authority and how to explore ideas and the physical environment. A childs concept of appropriate sex roles is influenced by relationships with peers.
A school-age child has begun to sleepwalk. What does the nurse advise the parents to perform?
- A. Wake the child and help determine what is wrong.
- B. Leave the child alone unless he or she is in danger of harming him- or herself or others.
- C. Arrange for psychologic evaluation to identify the cause of stress.
- D. Keep the child awake later in the evening to ensure sufficient tiredness for a full night of sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sleepwalking is usually self-limiting and requires no treatment. The child usually moves about restlessly and then returns to bed. Usually the actions are repetitive and clumsy. The child should not be awakened unless in danger. If there is a need to awaken the child, it should be done by calling the childs name to gradually bring to a state of alertness. Some children, who are usually well behaved and tend to repress feelings, may sleepwalk because of strong emotions. These children usually respond to relaxation techniques before bedtime. If a child is overly fatigued, sleepwalking can increase.
The school nurse is providing guidance to families of children who are entering elementary school. What is essential information to include?
- A. Meet with teachers only at scheduled conferences.
- B. Encourage growth of a sense of responsibility in children.
- C. Provide tutoring for children to ensure mastery of material.
- D. Homework should be done as soon as child comes home from school.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By being responsible for school work, children learn to keep promises, meet deadlines, and succeed in their jobs as adults. Parents should meet with the teachers at the beginning of the school year, for scheduled conferences, and whenever information about the child or parental concerns needs to be shared. Tutoring should be provided only in special circumstances in elementary school, such as in response to prolonged absence. The parent should not dictate the study time but should establish guidelines to ensure that homework is done.