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What is descriptive of the play of school-age children?
- A. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go.
- B. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages.
- C. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.
- D. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Play involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy. Children form groups and cliques and develop a sense of belonging to a team or club. At this age, children begin to see the need for rules. Conformity and ritual permeate their play. Their games have fixed and unvarying rules, which may be bizarre and extraordinarily rigid. With team play, children learn about competition and the importance of winning, an attribute highly valued in the United States but not in all cultures.
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A school-age child has begun to sleepwalk. What does the nurse advise the parents to perform?
- A. Wake the child and help determine what is wrong.
- B. Leave the child alone unless he or she is in danger of harming him- or herself or others.
- C. Arrange for psychologic evaluation to identify the cause of stress.
- D. Keep the child awake later in the evening to ensure sufficient tiredness for a full night of sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sleepwalking is usually self-limiting and requires no treatment. The child usually moves about restlessly and then returns to bed. Usually the actions are repetitive and clumsy. The child should not be awakened unless in danger. If there is a need to awaken the child, it should be done by calling the childs name to gradually bring to a state of alertness. Some children, who are usually well behaved and tend to repress feelings, may sleepwalk because of strong emotions. These children usually respond to relaxation techniques before bedtime. If a child is overly fatigued, sleepwalking can increase.
A parent asks about whether a 7-year-old child is able to care for a dog. Based on the childs age, what does the nurse suggest?
- A. Caring for an animal requires more maturity than the average 7-year-old possesses.
- B. This will help the parent identify the childs weaknesses.
- C. A dog can help the child develop confidence and emotional health.
- D. Cats are better pets for school-age children.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pets have been observed to influence a childs self-esteem. They can have a positive effect on physical and emotional health and can teach children the importance of nurturing and nonverbal communication. Most 7-year-old children are capable of caring for a pet with supervision. Caring for a pet should be a positive experience. It should not be used to identify weaknesses. The pet chosen does not matter as much as the childs being responsible for a pet.
What statement characterizes moral development in the older school-age child?
- A. Rule violations are viewed in an isolated context.
- B. Judgments and rules become more absolute and authoritarian.
- C. The child remembers the rules but cannot understand the reasons behind them.
- D. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older school-age children are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted the behavior rather than just by the consequences. Rule violation is likely to be viewed in relation to the total context in which it appears. Rules and judgments become less absolute and authoritarian. The situation and the morality of the rule itself influence reactions.
What statement accurately describes physical development during the school-age years?
- A. The childs weight almost triples.
- B. Muscles become functionally mature.
- C. Boys and girls double strength and physical capabilities.
- D. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to childrens heavier appearance.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Boys and girls double both strength and physical capabilities. Their consistent refinement in coordination increases their poise and skill. In middle childhood, growth in height and weight occurs at a slower pace. Between the ages of 6 and 12 years, children grow 5 cm/yr and gain 3 kg/yr. Their weight will almost double. Although the strength increases, muscles are still functionally immature when compared with those of adolescents. This age group is more easily injured by overuse. Children take on a slimmer look with longer legs in middle childhood.
What is descriptive of the social development of school-age children?
- A. Identification with peers is minimum.
- B. Children frequently have best friends.
- C. Boys and girls play equally with each other.
- D. Peer approval is not yet an influence for the child to conform.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Identification with peers is a strong influence in childrens gaining independence from parents. Interaction among peers leads to the formation of close friendships with same-sex peersbest friends. Daily relationships with age mates in the school setting provide important social interactions for school-age children. During the later school years, groups are composed predominantly of children of the same sex. Conforming to the rules of the peer group provides children with a sense of security and relieves them of the responsibility of making decisions.