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What is an important consideration in preventing injuries during middle childhood?
- A. Achieving social acceptance is a primary objective.
- B. The incidence of injuries in girls is significantly higher than it is in boys.
- C. Injuries from burns are the highest at this age because of fascination with fire.
- D. Lack of muscular coordination and control results in an increased incidence of injuries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: School-age children often participate in dangerous activities in an attempt to prove themselves worthy of acceptance. The incidence of injury during middle childhood is significantly higher in boys compared with girls. Motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of severe injuries in children. Children have increasing muscular coordination. Children who are risk takers may have inadequate self-regulatory behavior.
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What statement characterizes moral development in the older school-age child?
- A. Rule violations are viewed in an isolated context.
- B. Judgments and rules become more absolute and authoritarian.
- C. The child remembers the rules but cannot understand the reasons behind them.
- D. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older school-age children are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted the behavior rather than just by the consequences. Rule violation is likely to be viewed in relation to the total context in which it appears. Rules and judgments become less absolute and authoritarian. The situation and the morality of the rule itself influence reactions.
The parents of 9-year-old twin children tell the nurse, They have filled up their bedroom with collections of rocks, shells, stamps, and bird nests. The nurse should recognize that this is which?
- A. Indicative of giftedness
- B. Indicative of typical twin behavior
- C. Characteristic of cognitive development at this age
- D. Characteristic of psychosocial development at this age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Classification skills involve the ability to group objects according to the attributes they have in common. School-age children can place things in a sensible and logical order, group and sort, and hold a concept in their mind while they make decisions based on that concept. Individuals who are not twins engage in classification at this age. Psychosocial behavior at this age is described according to Eriksons stage of industry versus inferiority.
What is descriptive of the play of school-age children?
- A. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go.
- B. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages.
- C. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.
- D. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Play involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy. Children form groups and cliques and develop a sense of belonging to a team or club. At this age, children begin to see the need for rules. Conformity and ritual permeate their play. Their games have fixed and unvarying rules, which may be bizarre and extraordinarily rigid. With team play, children learn about competition and the importance of winning, an attribute highly valued in the United States but not in all cultures.
What do nursing interventions to promote health during middle childhood include?
- A. Stress the need for increased calorie intake to meet increased demands.
- B. Instruct parents to defer questions about sex until the child reaches adolescence.
- C. Advise parents that the child will need increasing amounts of rest toward the end of this period.
- D. Educate parents about the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The permanent teeth erupt during the school-age years. Good dental hygiene and regular attention to dental caries are vital parts of health supervision during this period. Caloric needs are decreased in relation to body size for this age group. Balanced nutrition is essential to promote growth. Questions about sex should be addressed honestly as the child asks questions. The child usually no longer needs a nap, but most require approximately 11 hours of sleep each night at age 5 years and 9 hours at age 12 years.
The school nurse is providing guidance to families of children who are entering elementary school. What is essential information to include?
- A. Meet with teachers only at scheduled conferences.
- B. Encourage growth of a sense of responsibility in children.
- C. Provide tutoring for children to ensure mastery of material.
- D. Homework should be done as soon as child comes home from school.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By being responsible for school work, children learn to keep promises, meet deadlines, and succeed in their jobs as adults. Parents should meet with the teachers at the beginning of the school year, for scheduled conferences, and whenever information about the child or parental concerns needs to be shared. Tutoring should be provided only in special circumstances in elementary school, such as in response to prolonged absence. The parent should not dictate the study time but should establish guidelines to ensure that homework is done.