Nokea
A black client with asthma seeks emergency care for acute respiratory distress. Because of this client's dark skin, the nurse should assess for cyanosis by inspecting the:
- A. Lips
- B. Mucous membranes
- C. Nail beds
- D. Earlobes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mucous membranes. Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is an important sign of respiratory distress. In individuals with dark skin, cyanosis may be more easily detected in the mucous membranes, such as the lips and oral mucosa, compared to the skin. The lips (choice A), nail beds (choice C), and earlobes (choice D) may not always show cyanosis clearly in individuals with darker skin tones. Therefore, assessing the mucous membranes is the best option for identifying cyanosis accurately in this scenario.
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Tachypnoea means
- A. Rapid shallow breathing
- B. Rapid deep breathing
- C. Slow and shallow breathing
- D. Slow and deep breathing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rapid shallow breathing. Tachypnoea refers to an increased respiratory rate, which can lead to shallow breathing. Rapid breathing helps to compensate for inadequate oxygen levels. Choice B is incorrect because tachypnoea is not typically associated with deep breathing. Choices C and D are incorrect as they describe slow breathing patterns, which are opposite to tachypnoea.
Following assessment of a patient with pneumonia, the nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of impaired gas exchange based on which finding?
- A. SpO of 86%
- B. Crackles in both lower lobes
- C. Temperature of 101.4ºF (38.6ºC)
- D. Production of greenish purulent sputum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Impaired gas exchange is indicated by a low SpO2 level, in this case 86%, which suggests inadequate oxygenation. Crackles, temperature, and sputum production are important assessments but do not directly indicate impaired gas exchange.
In medical term shortness of breathing known as
- A. SOB
- B. dyspnea
- C. Both a and b
- D. non of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both A and B. "SOB" is the abbreviation for shortness of breath, while "dyspnea" is the medical term for difficulty breathing. Both terms are used interchangeably to describe the sensation of breathing difficulty. Choosing C is correct because it encompasses both terms that are synonymous with the medical condition. Option D is incorrect because there are appropriate terms for shortness of breathing, which are provided in options A and B. Option A is incorrect because it only provides the abbreviation for the term without the actual medical term. Option B is incorrect because it only provides one of the terms used to describe shortness of breathing, while the correct answer includes both terms.
Foetal hemoglobin has a Sigmoid dissociation curve which is shifted to left relative to adult Hb because
- A. Foetal Hb has higher P50
- B. Foetal HB has lower P50 (18-20 mm Hg) than Adult Hb (26.6 mm.Hg)
- C. Foetal Hb readily accept Oxygen
- D. Foetal Hb easily remove Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because foetal Hb has a lower P50 (18-20 mm Hg) than adult Hb (26.6 mm Hg). A lower P50 indicates higher oxygen affinity, allowing foetal Hb to bind oxygen more readily at lower partial pressures. This shift to the left of the dissociation curve ensures efficient oxygen transfer from the maternal bloodstream to the foetus. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because foetal Hb having a higher P50 (A), readily accepting oxygen (C), or easily removing carbon dioxide (D) would not explain the left shift in the dissociation curve.
Expiration involves
- A. Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
- B. Contraction of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
- C. Contraction of diaphragm muscles
- D. Contraction of inter costal muscles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because expiration involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. During expiration, the diaphragm moves up and the intercostal muscles relax, causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume. This increase in pressure forces air out of the lungs. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the process of inspiration, not expiration. Choice C is incorrect because expiration involves both the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, not just the diaphragm muscles. Choice D is incorrect as the intercostal muscles also relax during expiration, rather than contracting.