Nokea
A case definition during an outbreak investigation should specify:
- A. Clinical features
- B. Time
- C. Place
- D. Person
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A good case definition includes clinical criteria and details on time, place, and person to ensure consistent identification of cases.
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How does the 'healthy worker effect' influence the interpretation of findings from occupational health research?
- A. It tends to decrease mortality differences between workers and the general population.
- B. It tends to increase mortality differences between workers and the general population.
- C. It has no impact on mortality comparisons.
- D. It only affects morbidity rates.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The healthy worker effect biases comparisons because workers are generally healthier than the general population, reducing apparent mortality differences.
SAP stands for
- A. reducing public sector subsidy
- B. increasing public sector subsidy
- C. increasing government sector subsidy
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) often aim at reducing public sector subsidies.
30 babies were born in hospital, 10 were less than 2.5 kg and 20 were greater than 2.5 kg the average is
- A. Arithmetic mean
- B. Median
- C. Geometric mean
- D. Mode
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The median divides the data into two equal parts, making it suitable here.
Identify some infectious diseases that could reach pandemic occurrence during the 21st century.
- A. Influenza, Ebola, Zika.
- B. Diabetes, hypertension.
- C. Osteoporosis, arthritis.
- D. Cancer, Alzheimer's.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases with high transmissibility, such as influenza and Ebola, pose significant pandemic risks.
First and foremost, element of PHC is
- A. Immunization
- B. FP/MCH
- C. Health education
- D. Provision of safe drinking water
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health education is considered the cornerstone and first element of Primary Health Care (PHC).