Nokea
Suggest other examples of how epidemiology might be applied to study the causality of disease.
- A. Investigating the link between air pollution and respiratory diseases.
- B. Studying the impact of diet on cardiovascular health.
- C. Examining the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Epidemiology can study disease causality in various contexts, including environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and behavioral risks.
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A random-digit dialed survey conducted in the City of Long Beach, California, reported that a greater proportion of nonsmokers endorsed a ban on smoking in alcohol-serving establishments than did smokers. What type of study design was this?
- A. Cross-sectional study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Ecologic study
- D. Cohort study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is a cross-sectional study as it captures attitudes at one point in time without follow-up.
Which surveillance can watch for disease before patient seeks care?
- A. Surveillance based on a specific case definition for a disease(e.g., listeriosis).
- B. Syndromic surveillance based on symptoms, signs, or other characteristics of a disease.
- C. Both.
- D. Neither.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Syndromic surveillance detects outbreaks based on early symptoms reported even before patients seek medical care.
The fraction 50 / 54 is a/an:
- A. Attack rate
- B. Food-specific attack rate
- C. Incidence proportion
- D. Proportion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This fraction focuses on illness among those exposed to wedding cake.
Clinical case of JE was first reported in
- A. 1976
- B. 1978
- C. 1980
- D. 1982
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first clinical case of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Nepal was reported in 1976.
Arrange a field visit to a health-related agency that is located in your community. An example might be a public health department, nonprofit health-related organization, or research institute. Find out about how epidemiologists contribute to these settings.
- A. Field visits reveal hands-on contributions of epidemiologists to public health initiatives.
- B. Visits are purely recreational.
- C. Agencies do not employ epidemiologists.
- D. Such visits offer no educational benefit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Field visits expose students to applied epidemiology, demonstrating how professionals address public health challenges in real-world contexts.