Nokea
SAP stands for
- A. reducing public sector subsidy
- B. increasing public sector subsidy
- C. increasing government sector subsidy
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) often aim at reducing public sector subsidies.
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Clinical case of JE was first reported in
- A. 1976
- B. 1978
- C. 1980
- D. 1982
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first clinical case of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Nepal was reported in 1976.
How would the clinical and epidemiologic descriptions of a disease differ, and how would they be similar?
- A. Clinical focuses on individual cases; epidemiologic focuses on populations.
- B. Clinical uses laboratory tests; epidemiologic uses surveys.
- C. Clinical focuses on treatment; epidemiologic focuses on prevention.
- D. Both focus on identifying disease causes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical descriptions emphasize individual diagnosis and treatment, while epidemiologic descriptions analyze patterns and causes in populations.
Among the routine vaccine of EPI which one is most sensitive to heat
- A. TT
- B. Measles
- C. Polio
- D. DPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is highly sensitive to heat, requiring careful storage in a cold chain.
Which of the following is the best indicator of health status of a community?
- A. Birth rate
- B. Infant mortality rate
- C. Crude death rate
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is widely regarded as a sensitive indicator of the health status of a community, reflecting access to healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions.
Which of the following is unrelated to the chi square test of significance?
- A. Degree of freedom
- B. Life table
- C. Significance level
- D. Qualitative data
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Life tables are not directly related to chi-square tests, which assess qualitative data associations.