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Which surveillance can watch for disease before patient seeks care?
- A. Surveillance based on a specific case definition for a disease(e.g., listeriosis).
- B. Syndromic surveillance based on symptoms, signs, or other characteristics of a disease.
- C. Both.
- D. Neither.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Syndromic surveillance detects outbreaks based on early symptoms reported even before patients seek medical care.
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obesity occurs due to:
- A. more consumption of calorie
- B. more consumption of protein
- C. more consumption of vitamins
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obesity results from excessive calorie intake compared to energy expenditure.
For collection of hazardous waste, color of bin is
- A. black
- B. yellow
- C. red
- D. green
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yellow bins are used for the collection of hazardous waste, as per waste management guidelines.
Arrange a field visit to a health-related agency that is located in your community. An example might be a public health department, nonprofit health-related organization, or research institute. Find out about how epidemiologists contribute to these settings.
- A. Field visits reveal hands-on contributions of epidemiologists to public health initiatives.
- B. Visits are purely recreational.
- C. Agencies do not employ epidemiologists.
- D. Such visits offer no educational benefit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Field visits expose students to applied epidemiology, demonstrating how professionals address public health challenges in real-world contexts.
How would the clinical and epidemiologic descriptions of a disease differ, and how would they be similar?
- A. Clinical focuses on individual cases; epidemiologic focuses on populations.
- B. Clinical uses laboratory tests; epidemiologic uses surveys.
- C. Clinical focuses on treatment; epidemiologic focuses on prevention.
- D. Both focus on identifying disease causes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical descriptions emphasize individual diagnosis and treatment, while epidemiologic descriptions analyze patterns and causes in populations.
Which of the following is the best indicator of health status of a community?
- A. Birth rate
- B. Infant mortality rate
- C. Crude death rate
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is widely regarded as a sensitive indicator of the health status of a community, reflecting access to healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions.