Nokea
A case manager is responsible for ensuring that patients meet the criteria for diagnoses of chronic conditions in order to ensure their eligibility for federal programs. Which of these definitions may not apply for legal purposes?
- A. A person who is temporarily disabled but later return to full functioning.
- B. A person who is disabled and cannot expect a return to full functioning.
- C. A person whose disability is the result of a developmental disorder.
- D. A person whose disability is the result of a traumatic injury.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: People can be temporarily disabled because of an injury or acute exacerbation of a chronic disorder, but later return to full functioning; this definition of disability may not apply for legal purposes. Disabilities may result from developmental challenges or trauma.
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A nurse knows that patients with invisible disabilities like chronic pain often feel that their chronic conditions are more challenging to deal with than more visible disabilities. Why would they feel this way?
- A. Invisible disabilities create negative attitudes in the health care community.
- B. Despite appearances, invisible disabilities can be as disabling as visible disabilities.
- C. Disabilities, such as chronic pain, are apparent to the general population.
- D. Disabilities. Such as chronic pain, may not be curable, unlike visible disabilities.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many disabilities are visible, but invisible disabilities are often as disabling as those that can be seen. Invisible disabilities are not noted to create negative attitudes among health care workers, though this is a possibility. Disabilities, such as chronic pain, are considered invisible and are not apparent to the general population.
During the care conference for a patient who has multiple chronic conditions, the case manager has alluded to the principles of the interface model of disability. What statement is most characteristic of this model?
- A. This patient should be free to plan his care without our interference.
- B. This patient can be empowered and doesnt have to be dependent.
- C. This patient was a very different person before the emergence of these health problems.
- D. This patients physiological problems are the priority over his psychosocial status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The interface model focuses on care that is empowering rather than care that promotes dependency. The other listed statements are inconsistent with the principles of the interface model.
A patient who undergoes hemodialysis three times weekly is on a fluid restriction of 1000 mL/day. The nurse sees the patient drinking a 355-mL (12 ounce) soft drink after the patient has already reached the maximum intake of fluid for the day. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Take the soft drink away from the patient and inform the dialysis nurse to remove extra fluid from the patient during the next dialysis treatment
- B. Document the patients behavior as noncompliant and notify the physician
- C. Further restrict the patients fluid for the following day and communicate this information to the charge nurse
- D. Reinforce the importance of the fluid restriction and document the teaching and the intake of extra fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Management of chronic conditions includes learning to live with symptoms or disabilities and coming to terms with identity changes resulting from having a chronic condition. It also consists of carrying out the lifestyle changes and regimens designed to control symptoms and to prevent complications. Although it may be difficult for nurses and other health care providers to stand by while patients make unwise decisions about their health, they must accept the fact that the patient has the right to make his or her own choices and decisions about lifestyle and health care.
A nurse is aware that the number of people in the United States who are living with disabilities is expected to continue increasing. What is considered to be one of the factors contributing to this increase?
- A. The decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities
- B. The increased inability to cure chronic disorders
- C. Changes in infection patterns resulting from antibiotic resistance
- D. Increased survival rates among people who experience trauma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number of people with disabilities is expected to increase over time as people with early-onset disabilities, chronic disorders, and severe trauma survive and have normal or near-normal lifespans. There has not been a decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities. Acquired chronic disorders still cannot be cured.
A 19-year-old patient with a diagnosis of Down syndrome is being admitted to your unit for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. When planning this patients care, the nurse recognizes that this patients disability is categorized as what?
- A. A sensory disability
- B. A developmental disability
- C. An acquired disability
- D. An age-associated disability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental disabilities are those that occur any time from birth to 22 years of age and result in impairment of physical or mental health, cognition, speech, language, or self-care. Examples of developmental disabilities are spina bifida, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and muscular dystrophy. Acquired disabilities may occur as a result of an acute and sudden injury, acute nontraumatic disorders, or progression of a chronic disorder. Age-related disabilities are those that occur in the elderly population and are thought to be due to the aging process. A sensory disability is a type of a disability and not a category.