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A patient has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient is clinically obese and has a sedentary lifestyle. How can the nurse best begin to help the patient increase his activity level?
- A. Set up appointment times at a local fitness center for the patient to attend.
- B. Have a family member ensure the patient follows a suggested exercise plan.
- C. Construct an exercise program and have the patient follow it.
- D. Identify barriers with the patient that inhibit his lifestyle change.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurses cannot expect that sedentary patients are going to develop a sudden passion for exercise and that they will easily rearrange their day to accommodate time-consuming exercise plans. The patient may not be ready or willing to accept this lifestyle change. This is why it is important that the nurse and patient identify barriers to change.
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An elderly patient has presented to the clinic with a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The patients daughter is accompanying him and you have explained why the incidence of chronic diseases tends to increase with age. What rationale for this phenomenon should you describe?
- A. With age, biologic changes reduce the efficiency of body systems.
- B. Older adults often have less support and care from their family, resulting in illness.
- C. There is an increased morbidity of peers in this age group, and this leads to the older adults desire to also assume the sick role.
- D. Chronic illnesses are diagnosed more often in older adults because they have more contact with the health care system.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Causes of the increasing number of people with chronic conditions include the following: longer lifespans because of advances in technology and pharmacology, improved nutrition, safer working conditions, and greater access (for some people) to health care. Also, biologic conditions change in the aged population. These changes reduce the efficiency of the bodys systems. Older adults usually have more support and care from their family members. Assuming the sick role can be a desire in any age group, not just the elderly.
A man with a physical disability uses a wheelchair. The individual wants to attend a support group for the parents of autistic children, which is being held in the basement of a church. When the individual arrives at the church, he realizes there are no ramps or elevators to the basement so he will not be able to attend the support group. What type of barrier did this patient encounter?
- A. A structural barrier
- B. A barrier to health care
- C. An institutional barrier
- D. A transportation barrier
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structural barriers make certain facilities inaccessible. Examples of structural barriers include stairs, lack of ramps, narrow doorways that do not permit entry of a wheelchair, and restroom facilities that cannot be used by people with disabilities. This individual did not experience a barrier to health care, an institutional barrier, or a transportation barrier.
A nurse is planning the care of a patient who has been diagnosed with renal failure, which the nurse recognizes as being a chronic condition. Which of the following descriptors apply to chronic conditions? Select all that apply.
- A. Diseases that resolve slowly
- B. Diseases where complete cures are rare
- C. Diseases that have a short, unpredictable course
- D. Diseases that do not resolve spontaneously
- E. Diseases that have a prolonged course
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Chronic conditions can also be defined as illnesses or diseases that have a prolonged course, that do not resolve spontaneously, and for which complete cures are unlikely or rare.
A community health nurse has drafted a program that will address the health promotion needs of members of the community who live with one or more disabilities. Which of the following areas of health promotion education is known to be neglected among adults with disabilities?
- A. Blood pressure screening
- B. Diabetes testing
- C. Nutrition
- D. Sexual health
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion interventions addressing sexual health in disabled individuals are necessary but rare. Blood pressure testing, diabetes testing, and nutrition are not known to constitute such a gap in health promotion teaching.
An initiative has been launched in a large hospital to promote the use of people-first language in formal and informal communication. What is the significance to the patient when the nurse uses people-first language?
- A. The nurse knows more clearly who the patient is.
- B. The person is of more importance to the nurse than the disability.
- C. The patients disability is the defining characteristic of the patients life.
- D. The patients disability is a curable condition.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This simple use of language conveys the message that the person, rather than the illness or disability, is of greater importance to the nurse. The other answers are incorrect because no matter what language the nurse uses, the nurse knows who the patient is, that the patients disability is not most important in the patients life, and that the patients disability most likely will never be cured.