Nokea
A nurse is aware that the number of people in the United States who are living with disabilities is expected to continue increasing. What is considered to be one of the factors contributing to this increase?
- A. The decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities
- B. The increased inability to cure chronic disorders
- C. Changes in infection patterns resulting from antibiotic resistance
- D. Increased survival rates among people who experience trauma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number of people with disabilities is expected to increase over time as people with early-onset disabilities, chronic disorders, and severe trauma survive and have normal or near-normal lifespans. There has not been a decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities. Acquired chronic disorders still cannot be cured.
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The staff development nurse is presenting a class on the importance of incorporating people-first language into daily practice as well as documentation. What is an example of the use of people-first language when giving a verbal report?
- A. The schizophrenic
- B. The patient with schizophrenia
- C. The schizophrenic patient
- D. The schizophrenic client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using people-first language means referring to the person first: the patient with diabetes rather than the diabetic, the diabetic patient, or the diabetic client.
An elderly patient has presented to the clinic with a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The patients daughter is accompanying him and you have explained why the incidence of chronic diseases tends to increase with age. What rationale for this phenomenon should you describe?
- A. With age, biologic changes reduce the efficiency of body systems.
- B. Older adults often have less support and care from their family, resulting in illness.
- C. There is an increased morbidity of peers in this age group, and this leads to the older adults desire to also assume the sick role.
- D. Chronic illnesses are diagnosed more often in older adults because they have more contact with the health care system.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Causes of the increasing number of people with chronic conditions include the following: longer lifespans because of advances in technology and pharmacology, improved nutrition, safer working conditions, and greater access (for some people) to health care. Also, biologic conditions change in the aged population. These changes reduce the efficiency of the bodys systems. Older adults usually have more support and care from their family members. Assuming the sick role can be a desire in any age group, not just the elderly.
You are presenting patient teaching to a 48-year-old man who was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient has a BMI of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. You give the patient information on the risk factors for his diagnosis and begin talking with him about changing behaviors around diet and exercise. You know that further patient teaching is necessary when your patient tells you what?
- A. I need to start slow on an exercise program approved by my doctor.
- B. I know theres a chance I could have avoided this if Id always eaten better and exercised more.
- C. There is nothing that can be done anyway, because chronic diseases like diabetes cannot be prevented.
- D. I want to have a plan in place before I start making a lot of changes to my lifestyle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The major causes of chronic diseases are known, and if these risk factors were eliminated, at least over 80% of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes would be prevented. In addition, over 40% of cancers would be prevented. The other listed options are accurate statements.
A medical-surgical nurse is teaching a patient about the health implications of her recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The nurse should teach the patient to be proactive with her glycemic control in order to reduce her risk of what health problem?
- A. Arthritis
- B. Renal failure
- C. Pancreatic cancer
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One chronic disease can lead to the development of other chronic conditions. Diabetes, for example, can eventually lead to neurologic and vascular changes that may result in visual, cardiac, and kidney disease and erectile dysfunction. Diabetes is not often linked to cancer, arthritis, or asthma.
You are the nurse caring for a young mother who has a longstanding diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). She was admitted to your unit with a postpartum infection 3 days ago. You are planning to discharge her home when she has finished 5 days of IV antibiotic therapy. With what information would it be most important for you to provide this patient?
- A. A succinct overview of postpartum infections
- B. How the response to infection differs in patients with multiple sclerosis
- C. The same information you would provide to a patient without a chronic condition
- D. Information on effective management of multiple sclerosis in the home setting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In general, patients with disabilities are in need of the same information as other patients. Information on home management of MS has likely been already provided to the patient. The immune response does not greatly differ in this patient.