Nokea
A chemotherapeutic agent that is classified as a vesicant is capable of what effect if deposited into subcutaneous tissue?
- A. Tissue necrosis, damage to tendons, nerves and blood vessels
- B. Mild discomfort
- C. Bruising and paraesthesia
- D. No side effects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vesicants like doxorubicin chew tissue necrosis, nerve-tendon wreck if leaked, not mild or nil. Nurses dread this, a chronic chemo spill.
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Which of the following is a possible treatment plan for a client diagnosed with leukemia?
- A. Dialysis
- B. Therapeutic phlebotomy
- C. Splenectomy
- D. Stem cell transplant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow takeover needs a reset stem cell transplant swaps diseased cells for healthy ones, a potential cure or remission shot. Dialysis aids kidneys, not blood. Phlebotomy drains polycythemia. Splenectomy's rare, symptom-based. Nurses prep for transplant, eyeing this radical fix, a game-changer in leukemia's brutal playbook.
A patient who is being treated for stage IV lung cancer tells the nurse about new-onset back pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Give the patient the prescribed PRN opioid.
- B. Assess for sensation and strength in the legs.
- C. Notify the health care provider about the symptoms.
- D. Teach the patient how to use relaxation to reduce pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage IV lung cancer plus back pain flags spinal cord compression leg checks for numbness or weakness come first; paralysis kills fast. Opioids , calls , or relaxation follow. Nurses in oncology prioritize this neuro's the lifeline, catching mets' chaos early.
According to Johnson and Chang (2014) the role of the nurse and other health professions in chronic disease is to:
- A. Support the person in managing their condition more effectively
- B. Provide care to manage the disease process
- C. Ensure the patient takes their medications and avoids all risk factors
- D. Decide as a team on the best approach to manage the condition and direct the implementation of this care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses in chronic care empower supporting self-management beats just treating, enforcing meds, or dictating plans. It's about patients steering their diabetes or asthma, with pros as guides, not bosses. Care's given, compliance nudged, teams plan, but support's the heart, a chronic win where autonomy rules.
Mr Tan aged 50 years old has a blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg taken on waking up and 140/90 mmHg at night. He also has a UAE of 200 mg/24 hours. He has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following actions will be most likely reduce the UAE to normal?
- A. Get the patient to lose 10% of his body weight
- B. Prescribe a SGLT2 e.g. empagliflozin
- C. Control the blood pressure to 130/80 mmHg
- D. Get the patient to exercise 150 minutes a week
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: UAE 200, diabetes BP to 130/80 slashes albumin; weight, SGLT2, exercise, nifedipine help less direct. Nurses hit this chronic kidney key.
A patient who is diagnosed with cervical cancer classified as Tis, N0, M0 asks the nurse what the letters and numbers mean. Which response by the nurse is accurate?
- A. The cancer involves only the cervix.
- B. The cancer cells look like normal cells.
- C. Further testing is needed to determine the spread of the cancer.
- D. It is difficult to determine the original site of the cervical cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tis, N0, M0 means carcinoma in situ cancer's stuck to the cervix's surface, no invasion (T0), no lymph nodes (N0), no metastases (M0). It's early, contained. B's wrong grading, not staging, covers cell look (differentiation). C's off no spread's confirmed already. D's nonsense the cervix is the origin. Nurses break this down in oncology to ease fears only the cervix' signals a shot at cure with local treatment, not systemic chaos yet.